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C40 AB0; 4;O 0110B0 A8<2>;>< 53> A>1AB25==>3> 15AA>7=0B5;L=>3> BO3>B5=8O, 8 MB>B A8<2>; 1K; 5<C =5>1E>48<, GB>1K <>GL @07<KH;OBL > A2>5< 15AA>7=0B5;L=>< E>B5=88; =5?>A@54AB25==>5 >A>7=0=85 2 A515 65;0=8O C4>20 1K;> 1K 4;O =53> G@57<5@=> 1>;57=5==K<. "0:8< >1@07><, ?>-2848<><C, 4>;6=K ACI5AB2>20BL B8?8G5A:85 <8DK, :>B>@K5 O2;ONBAO ?>4E>4OI8<8 >@C48O<8 4;O >1@01>B:8 MB=>?A8E>;>38G5A:8E :><?;5:A>2. /:>2 C@:30@4, ?>-2848<><C, GC2AB2>20; 8 ?@542>AE8I0; MBC <KA;L, :>340 >= >4=064K A:070;, GB> :064K9 M;;8= :;0AA8G5A:>3> 2@5<5=8 =5A 2 A515 :;>G>: -48?0, ?>4>1=> B><C, :0: :064K9 =5<5F =5A5B 2 A515 :;>G>: $0CAB0 34. @>1;5<K, ?>AB02;5==K5 ?5@54 =0<8 ?@>ABK< @0AA:07>< 0110B0, 2AB@5BOBAO =0< A=>20, :>340 <K ?@8ABC?8< : 8AA;54>20=8N D0=B0789, :>B>@K5 =0 MB>B @07 >1O70=K A2>8< ACI5AB2>20=85< >4=>9 A>25@H5==> 15AA>7=0B5;L=> ?@>872545==>9 @01>B5. 0B5@80;, :>B>@K< <K 8 2>A?>;L7C5<AO 2 A;54CNI8E 3;020E, ?>G5@?=CB 87 D0=B0789 >4=>9 0<5@8:0=:8, <8AA Frank Miller; ?@82545==KE 5N, ?>2B>@O5<, A>25@H5==> 15AA>7=0B5;L=>, 2 ?>MB8G5A:CN D>@<C. -B8 D0=B0788, >?C1;8:>20=85 :>B>@KE O2;O5BAO 1>;LH>9 70A;C3>9 <8AA 8;;5@, >B?5G0B0=K ?>4 703;0285<: "5:>B>@K5 D0:BK 15AA>7=0B5;L=>9 B2>@G5A:>9 D0=B0788" 2 5-< B><5 Archives de Psy-chologie, 1906 35. ?@8<5G0=8O 1 !<. Liepmann, 40;55 Jung.  <KH;5=88, :0: ?>4G8=5=88 3>A?>4AB2CNI5<C ?@54AB02;5=8N, A@. Ebbinghaus: "@8 <KH;5=88 45;> 845B > ?@542>AE8I0NI59 0??5@F5?F88, :>B>@0O 3>A?>4AB2C5B G0ABLN =04 1>;LH8<, G0ABLN =04 <5=LH8< :@C3>< >B45;L=KE 2>A?@>872545=89 8 >B;8G05BAO >B A;CG09=KE @5?@>4CF8@CNI8E <>B82>2 B>;L:> ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABLN, A :>B>@>9 2A5 AB>OI55 ?>>40;L >B MB>3> :@C30 7045@68205BAO 8;8 2KB5A=O5BAO." 2  A2>59 Psychologia empirica meth. scientif. pertract. etc. 1732, 23. %@8AB80= >;LD 3>2>@8B ?@>AB> 8 >BG5B;82>: 07<KH;5=85 5ABL 45OB5;L=>ABL 4CH8, :>B>@>N >=0 >A>7=05B A51O A0<>Q 8 >AB0;L=K5 25I8 2=5 A51O. 3 ><5=B ?@8A?>A>1;5=8O 2K428305B >A>15==> 8;LO< 65<5 2 A2>59 A8E>;>388; 8<5==> B0<, 345 >= 405B >?@545;5=85 ;>38G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O, >= 3>2>@8B: "K E>B8< @0AA<0B@820BL MBC A?>A>1=>ABL A?@02;OBLAO A =>2K<8 >1AB>OB5;LAB20<8 :0: differentia specifica ;>38G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O. -B8< ?>A;54=55 >:065BAO 4>AB0B>G=> >B3@0=8G5==K< >B >1K:=>25==>3> 0AA>F80B82=>3> <KH;5=8O." 4 "KA;8 ACBL B5=8 =0H8E >ICI5=89, 2A5340 B5<=55, ?CAB55, ?@>I5 =565;8 ?5@2K5",- 3>2>@8B 8FH5. >BF5 (Logik, S. 552) 2KA:07K205BAO > B>< 65 ?@54<5B5 A;54CNI8< >1@07><: "KH;5=85, ?@54>AB02;5==>5 ;>38G5A:8< 70:>=0< A2>53> 42865=8O, 2AB@5G05BAO 2 :>=F5 A2>53> ?@028;L=>3> ?@>945==>3> ?CB8 A A>>B=>H5=85< 8 A A>AB>O=85< A0<KE 25I59." 5 !@. 40;LH5 @0AAC645=85 0;L428=0. $8;>A>D8G5A:89 GC40: >30== 5>@3 0<0: (1730-1788) ?>;030; B>65AB25==>ABL @07C<0 8 @5G8. # 8FH5 @07C< O2;O5BAO <5B0D878:>9 @5G8, GB> ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 H03 2?5@54 2 MB>< =0?@02;5=88. 0;LH5 2A53> ?>H5; $@8F 0CB-=5@ (Mauthner: Sprache und Psychologie, 1911); 4;O =53> 2>>1I5 =5 ACI5AB2C5B =8:0:>3> <KH;5=8O 157 O7K:0 8 B>;L:> @5GL 5ABL <KA;L. 07840B5;L=> 53> 2>77@5=85 =0 "D5B8H87< A;>20", F0@OI89 2 =0C:5. 6 !@. Kleinpaul: Das Leben der Sprache, 3 Bande. Leipzig, 1893. 0: 45;> >1AB>O;> ?5@2>=0G0;L=> A AC1J5:B82=>ABLN MB8E A8<-2>4>2, :>B>@K5, ?>-2848<><C, 2A5F5;> A>74020;8AL AC1J5:B><, >1 MB>< O ?>;CG8; ?@54AB02;5=85 G5@57 <>53> <0;5=L:>3> AK=0: >= >1>7=0G8; 2A5, GB> 5<C E>B5;>AL 27OBL 8;8 AJ5ABL, M=5@38G5A:8< :@8:><. 7 Jardin d'Epicure, p. 80. 8 Senno generatur ab intellectu et general intellectum. 9 420 ;8 <>6=> CG5ABL, 4> G53> 25;8:> 2>2;5:0NI55 2;8O=85 ?5@28G=KE 7=0G5=89 A;>20 =0 <KH;5=85. "A5, GB> :>340-;81> 1K;> 2 A>7=0=88, A>E@0=O5BAO 2 :0G5AB25 459AB25==>3> <><5=B0 2 15AA>7=0B5;L=><",- 3>2>@8B Hermann Paul (Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte, IV. Auflage, 1909, S. 25). !B0@8==>5 7=0G5=85 A;>2 A>E@0=O5B A2>5 459AB285 (8 ?@8B>< 2=0G0;5 =570<5B=K< >1@07><) "87 MB>3> B5<=>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20 15AA>7=0B5;L=>3> 2 4CH5" (Paul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(@8<. @54.) 11 Grundriss der Psychologie, S. 365. 12 Lehrbuch der Psychologie, X, 26. 13 James Mark Baldwin: Thought and Things. 14 8<>E>4>< 70<5GC, GB> Eberschweiler A45;0; ?> <>5<C ?@54;>65=8N M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 8AA;54>20=8O :0A0B5;L=> 2;8O=8O A;>25A=>9 :><?>=5=BK =0 0AA>F80F8N (Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psychiatric, 1908); MB8 8AA;54>20=8O 2A:@K;8 B>B 70<5G0B5;L=K9 D0:B, GB> ?@8 M:A?5@8<5=B5 =04 0AA>F80F8O<8 8=B@0?A8E8G5A:0O 0AA>F80F8O >:07K205BAO ?>4 402;5=85< D>=5B8:8. 15 "0:8<, ?> :@09=59 <5@5, ?@54AB02;O5BAO MB> <KH;5=85 =0H5<C A>7=0=8N. $@594 70<5G05B ?> MB><C ?>2>4C (Traumdeutung, II. Auflage, S. 325): ">:07C5<0 =5?@028;L=>ABL 273;O40, ?> :>B>@><C <K >B405<AO 15AF5;L=><C E>4C ?@54AB02;5=89, :>340 <K ?>:8405< =0H5 @07<KH;5=85 8 2A?;K20NB =565;05<K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O. >6=> ?>:070BL, GB> <K 2 A>AB>O=88 >B1@>A8BL ;8HL 8725AB=K5 =0<. F5;52K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O 8 GB> A >?CI5=85< ?>A;54=8E =5<54;5==> ?@8>1@5B0NB 2;0ABL =58725AB=K5, :0: <K =5B>G=> 2K@0605<AO, B. 5. 15AA>7=0B5;L=K5 F5;52K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O, :>B>@K5 8 >1CA;>2;820NB B>340 E>4 =565;05<KE ?@54AB02;5=89. KH;5=85 157 F5;52KE ?@54AB02;5=89 2>2A5 =5 <>65B 2>7=8:=CBL =8 G5@57 :0:>5 =0H5 ?@>872>;L=>5 2;8O=85 =0 =0HC 4CH52=CN 687=L." 16 0 MB8< CB25@645=85< AB>OB ?@5645 2A53> =01;N45=8O 87 >1;0AB8 =>@<0;L=>3>. 5>?@545;5==>5 <KH;5=85 AB>8B >G5=L 40;5:> >B @07<KH;5=8O, @074C<LO 8 ?@8B>< 2 >A>15==>AB8, :>340 45;> 845B > =0E>645=88 A;>25A=>3> 2K@065=8O. > 2@5<O ?A8E>;>38G5A:8E M:A?5@8<5=B>2 O G0AB> C15640;AO =0 >?KB5, GB> ;8F>, =04 :>B>@K< O ?@>872>48; >?KBK (0 B0:>2K<8 2A5340 1K;8 B>;L:> >1@07>20==K5 8 8=B5;;835=B=K5 ;N48), 1C4CG8 ?@54>AB02;5==K< (:0: 1K =5?@54=0<5@5==> A <>59 AB>@>=K 8 157 ?@5420@8B5;L=KE <>8E C:070=89) A2>8< <5GB0=8O<, >1=0@C6820;> 0DD5:B82=K5 A>AB>O=8O, M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=> @538AB@8@C5<K5, ?@8G5< > <KA;8B5;L=KE >A=>20E MB8E A>AB>O=89 ?>425@305<>5 >?KBC ;8F> =5 1K20;> A?>A>1=> 40BL ?@8 2A5< 65;0=88 =8:0:>3> >BG5B0 8 ;8HL 8=>340 >G5=L A;01K9 >BG5B. >4>1=K5 65 =01;N45=8O A>25@H0NBAO 2> <=>65AB25 ?@8 M:A?5@8<5=B5 =04 0AA>F80F8O<8 8 2> 2@5<O ?A8E>0=0;870. "0: 5420 ;8 ACI5AB2C5B :0:>9-;81> 15AA>7=0B5;L=K9 :><?;5:A, :>B>@K9 C65 =5 ?>O2;O;AO 1K :>340-=81C4L 2 A>7=0=88 :0: D0=B078O. >CG8B5;L=K5 >?KBK ?0B>;>38G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0 8 ?@8B>< =5 AB>;L:> 87 >1;0AB8 8AB5@88 8 2A5E B5E =52@>7>2, 2 :>B>@KE >A>15==> ?@5>1;0405B B5=45=F8O ?5@5=5A5=8O, A:>;L:> >?KBK 87 >1;0AB8 8=B@>25@B8@>20==KE ?A8E>7>2 8;8 =52@>7>2, : G8A;C :>B>@KE ?@8=04;568B =081>;LH0O G0ABL 2A5E 4CH52=KE 1>;57=59 8 2> 2AO:>< A;CG05 2AO 3@C??0 8E, =0720==0O ;59;5@>< Schizophrenic. 0: ?>:07K205B C65 A0<K9 B5@<8= "8=B@>25@A8O", :>B>@K9 22545= <=>N 2 <>59 @01>B5 Konflikte der kindlichen Seele, S. 6-10, MB>B =52@>7 ?@82>48B : A8;L=> 2K@065==><C 02B>M@>B87<C. 45AL B0:65 <K 2AB@5G05<AO A B5< "A25@EA;>25A=K<", G8AB> "D0=B0AB8G5A:8<" <KH;5=85<, :>B>@>5 ?@>B5:05B A@548 "=52K@078<KE" >1@07>2 8 GC2AB2. 5:>B>@>5 2?5G0B;5=85 >B MB>3> <>6=> ?>;CG8BL, :>340 ?KB05HLAO >A<KA;820BL 60;:85 8 A<CB=K5 A;>25A=K5 2K@065=8O MB8E 1>;L=KE.  A0<8< 1>;L=K<, :0: O MB> =5>4=>:@0B=> 70<5G0;, AB>8B 15A:>=5G=KE CA8;89 >1>7=0G8BL G5;>25G5A:8<8 A;>20<8 A2>8 D0=B0788. 4=0 2KA>:>8=B5;;835=B=0O 1>;L=0O, "?5@52>482H0O" <=5 >B@K2:8 ?>4>1=>9 A8AB5<K D0=B0789, 3>2>@8;0 <=5 G0AB>: "/ 7=0N A>25@H5==> B>G=>, 2 G5< 70:;NG05BAO 45;>. / 286C 8 GC2AB2CN 2A5, => <=5 ?>:0 5I5 A>25@H5==> =52>7<>6=> =09B8 4;O MB>3> A;>20". >MB8G5A:0O 8 @5;838>7=0O 8=B@>25@A8O 405B ?>2>4 : ?>4>1=K< 65 =01;N45=8O<; =0?@. 025; 2 ?>A;0=88 : @8<;O=0< 8, 26: ""0:65 8 CE ?>4:@5?;O5B =0A 2 =5<>I0E =0H8E: 81> <K =5 7=05<, > G5< <>;8BLAO, :0: 4>;6=>; => A0< CE E>40B09AB2C5B 70 =0A 2>74KE0=8O<8 =587@5G5==K<8." 17 "0: 65 ?>;0305B 8 65<5 (I. A. @. 353).- #<>70:;NG5=85 8<55B ?@>4C:B82=>5 7=0G5=85, B>340 :0: "M<?8@8G5A:>5" (;8HL 0AA>F80B82=>5) <KH;5=85 - B>;L:> @5?@>4C:B82=>5. !@. 8=B5@5A=>5 >?8A0=85 /:>20 C@:30@4B0, :0: 5B@0@:0 ?>4K<0;AO =0 Mont Ventoux (Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien, 1869, S. 235 ff.). "?8A0=85 ;0=4H0DB0 >68405HL A>25@H5==> =0?@0A=>, => =5 ?>B><C, GB> ?>MB >AB0;AO =5GC2AB28B5;L=K<, 0, =0>1>@>B, ?>B><C GB> 2?5G0B;5=85 1K;> G5@5AGC@ A8;L=>. 5@54 53> 4CH>9 2AB0;0 2AO 53> ?@>H;0O 687=L A> 2A5< 55 157C<85<; >= 2A?><8=05B, GB> A53>4=O 8AB5:;> 45AOBL ;5B, :0: >=, N=K9, ?>:8=C; >;>=LN, 8 >= >1@0I05B 27>@ ?>;=K9 B>A:8 ?> =0?@02;5=8N : B0;88; >= >B:@K205B :=86:C, :>B>@0O 1K;0 B>340 53> A?CB=8F59, 8<5==> A?>254L A2. 23CAB8=0, 8 273;O4 53> ?0405B =0 A;54CNI55 <5AB> 45AOB>3> @0745;0: " 2>B CE>4OB ;N48 8 C482;ONBAO 2KA>:8< 3>@0<, H8@8 <>@A:8E 2>;= 8 <>I=> HC<OI8< ?>B>:0<.  >:50=C 8 153C A25B8;, 8 70 2A5< B5< ?>:840NB A0<8 A51O". 3> 1@0B, :>B>@><C 5B@0@:0 ?@>G8BK205B MB8 A;>20, =8:0: =5 <>65B ?>=OBL, >BG53> >= ?>A;5 MB>3> 70:@K205B :=83C 8 <>;G8B." 18 !60B>5, => <5B:>5 >?8A0=85 AE>;0AB8G5A:>3> <5B>40 405B C=4B (Philosophische Studien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r. Oetker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r. Abrahamy A;54CNI8< 8=B5@5A=K< A>>1I5=85<: C 452>G:8 3,5 ;5B @>48;AO 1@0B5F, GB> ?>25;> : >1KG=>9 45BA:>9 @52=>AB8; >4=064K >=0 A:070;0 <0B5@8: ""K 425 <0<K; BK <>O <0<0, 0 B2>O 3@C4L <0<0 1@0BF0". =0 B>;L:> GB> A 1>;LH8< 8=B5@5A>< =01;N40;0 70 0:B>< :>@<;5=8O. ;O 0@E08G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O @515=:0 >G5=L E0@0:B5@=>, GB> >= =07K205B 3@C4L <0B5@LN. 22 0=: @0AA<0B@8205B <8D :0: <0AA>2K9 A>= =0@>40. !@. B0:65 =>259H55 A>G8=5=85 0=:0: Der Mythus von der Geburt des Helden, 1909. 8:;8= >1@0B8; >A>15==>5 2=8<0=85 =0 <5E0=87< A=>2845=8O 2 A:07:5. "> 65 A0<>5 A45;0; 1@030< 4;O <8D0 ("30um und Mythus, 1909). = 3>2>@8B =0 AB@. 36, GB> "<8D 5ABL >A:>;>: ?@5>4>;5==>9 8=D0=B8;L=>9 4CH52=>9 687=8 =0@>40", 0 =0 AB@. 71 - GB> "<8D 5ABL A>E@0=82H0OAO G0ABL 8=D0=B8;L=>9 4CH52=>9 687=8 =0@>40, 0 A>= - <8D 8=48284CC<0". 23 Konflikte der-kindlichen Seele, S. 6, Fussnote. 24 !@. 1@030<: "30H? und Mythus, S. 40 ff. 5;0=85, :0A0NI55AO 1C4CI53>, 2KAB02;O5BAO C65 8A?>;=5==K< 2 ?@>H54H5<. ?>A;54AB288 B0:>9 45BA:>9 D0=B07859 2=>2L 70=8<0NBAO @53@5AA82=>, GB>1K B5< :><?5=A8@>20BL @07>G0@>20=85 2 459AB28B5;L=>9 687=8. 25 Rank Mythus von der Geburt des Helden. 26 -B8<, :>=5G=>, =5 A:070=>, GB>, B0: :0: 4@52=89 <8@ >1;040; B0:8< "CG@5645=85<", B> ?>MB><C =5GB> ?>O2;O5BAO 2=>2L 8 2 =0H59 D0=B0788; A:>@55 MB> 4>;6=> >7=0G0BL, GB> 2 4@52=>AB8 1K;> 2>7<>6=K<, GB>1K ?>AB>O==> 8 ?>2AN4C 2>7=8:02H0O D0=B078O A45;0;0AL A2>53> @>40 "CAB0=>2;5=85<", 8 MB> >1AB>OB5;LAB2> ?@82>48B : 70:;NG5=8N > A2>5>1@07=>< 4CE>2=>< A:;045 4@52=53> <8@0. 27 "8>A:C@K 70:;NG0NB A ;52:8?840<8 1@0:8 =587<5==> ?CB5< ?>E8I5=8O, GB> ?@8=04;560;> : =5>1E>48<K< A20451=K< >1KG0O< 1>;55 40;5:>9 4@52=>AB8." Preller. Griechische Mythologie, 1854, >. II, S. 68. 28 !<. Greuzer. Symbolik und Mythologie, 1811, Bd. Ill, S. 245 ff. 29 !@. B0:65 A>4><A:85 D0=B0788  <5B0<>@D>70E C ?C;5O.  5@:C;0=C<5, =0?@8<5@, 1K;8 =0945=K A>>B25BAB2CNI85 8720O=8O. 30 . $5@@5@>: A8E>;>38G5A:85 70:>=K A8<2>;87<0. 31 (5;;8=3 ($8;>A>D8O <8D>;>388) AG8B05B "?@54A>7=0B5;L8>5" 70 B2>@G5A:89 8AB>G=8:; B0: 65 8 $8EB5 (Psychologie I, S. 508 ff.) 2848B 2 "?@54A>7=0B5;L=>9 >1;0AB8" <5AB> 2>7=8:=>25=8O ACI5AB25==KE A>45@60=89 A=>2845=8O. 32 1@07C C4K ?@8=04;568B 2KA>:>5 ?A8E>;>38G5A:>5 7=0G5=85, :0: B0:><C A2OI5==8G5A:><C 65@B2>?@8=>A8B5;N 1>65AB25==>3> 03=F0, :>B>@K9 G5@57 MB> ?@8=>A8B >4=>2@5<5==> 8 A0<>3> A51O 2 65@B2C, :>=G0O A0<>C189AB2><. !@. 2-CN G0ABL MB>3> B@C40. 33 !@. Drews: Die Christusmythe; ?@82>48<K5 8< A>>1@065=8O A;8H:>< >65AB>G5==> >A?0@820NBAO 1;03>40@O >A;5?;5=8N =0H59 M?>E8. 4C<G82K5 1>3>A;>2K, :0:, =0?@8<5@, KaSthoff (Entstehung des Christentums, 1904), @0AAC640NB, >4=0:>, A>25@H5==> B0: 65 E;04=>:@>2=>, :0: Drews. 0 AB@. 8 Kalthoff 3>2>@8B: "AB>G=8:8, :>B>@K5 A>>1I0NB =0< > ?@>8AE>645=88 E@8AB80=AB20, B0:>2K, GB> ?@8 A>2@5<5==>< A>AB>O=88 8AB>@8G5A:>3> 8AA;54>20=8O =8 >4=><C 8AB>@8:C =5 <>65B ?@89B8 2 3>;>2C =0 >A=>20=88 8E A45;0BL ?>?KB:C A>AB02;5=8O 18>3@0D88 8AB>@8G5A:>3> 8ACA0".  =0 AB@. 9 8 10 <K G8B05< A;54CNI55: "845BL 70 MB8<8 520=35;LA:8<8 @0AA:070<8 687=L 459AB28B5;L=> ACI5AB2>202H53> 8AB>@8G5A:>3> G5;>25:0 =K=5 A>25@H5==> =52>7<>6=>, 5A;8 >B:070BLAO >B 2>7459AB289 @0F8>=0;8AB8G5A:>3> 1>3>A;>28O." - ">65AB25==>5 2 %@8AB5 =04;568B ?>AB>O==> 8 2AN4C <KA;8BL 2> 2=CB@5==5< 548=AB25 A G5;>25G5A:8<; >B F5@:>2=>3> >3>G5;>25:0 2545B ?@O<0O ;8=8O >1@0B=> G5@57 >A;0=8O 8 20=35;8O >2>3> 025B0 : ?>:0;8?A8AC 0=88;0, 2 :>B>@>< 15@5B A2>5 =0G0;> F5@:>2=0O G5:0=:0 >1@070 %@8AB0. > 2 :064>9 >B45;L=>9 B>G:5 MB>9 ;8=88 %@8AB>A 8<55B 2 A515 8 A25@EG5;>25G5A:85 G5@BK; =8345 8 =8:>340 >= =5 O2;O5BAO B5<, GB> E>B5;>AL A45;0BL 87 =53> :@8B8G5A:><C 1>3>A;>28N - B>;L:> G5;>25:><, :0: 53> A>740;0 ?@8@>40, 8;8 B>;L:> 8AB>@8G5A:>9 ;8G=>ABLN." 34 !@. 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A8E80B@ 2848B 2 A2>59 1>;L=8F5 5AB5AB25==> ;8HL A0<>5 >BG0O==>5 8 2K=C645= ?>MB><C 1KBL ?5AA8<8AB><: B5@0?52B8G5A:8 >= >15AA8;5=. > G53> 157=0456=K< >:070;AO 1K BC15@:C;57, 5A;8 1K :;8=8G5A:CN :0@B8=C 53> 40; 2@0G C1568I0 4;O =587;5G8<KE! >4>1=> B><C, :0: E@>=8G5A:85 8AB5@88, :>B>@K5 2 1>;L=8F0E <54;5==> ?@>E>4OB, =5 <>3CB 1KBL E0@0:B5@87>20=K :0: =0AB>OI85 8AB5@88, B0: 65 =5;L7O AG8B0BL 70 dementia praecox G0AB=KE A;CG052, O2;ONI8EAO ;8HL ?@54H5AB2CNI8<8 ABC?5=O<8 MB>9 1>;57=8, B> 5ABL 1>;57=5==KE A>AB>O=89, :>B>@K< 0=M 40; =08<5=>20=85 ?A8E0AB5=8O. -B8 A;CG08 ?>4?040NB ?>4 >?@545;5=85 1>;57=5==>3> A>AB>O=8O Schizophrenic, A45;0==>5 ;59;5@><; ?>A;54=55 =08<5=>20=85 2:;NG05B 2 A51O ?A8E>;>38G5A:89 A>AB02, :>B>@K9 ;53:> <>65B 1KBL A<5H0= A ?>4>1=K<8 5<C ?@>O2;5=8O<8 8AB5@88. 8G=> O ?>;L7CNAL B5@<8=>< =52@>7 8=B@>25@A88, :>B>@K9, >4=0:>, O =5 E>GC =8:><C =02O7K20BL. 71@0==K9 <=>N B5@<8= A>45@68B, ?>-<>5<C <=5=8N, =08206=59HCN E0@0:B5@8AB8:C 1>;57=8, 8<5==> ?@5>1;040=85 8=B@>25@A88 =04 ?5@5=5A5=85< B0: :0: ?>A;54=55, =0>1>@>B, E0@0:B5@87C5B 8AB5@8N.  <>59 "A8E>;>388 dementia praecox" O =5 ?@825; 2 A2O7L ?A8E0AB5=8N 0=M A dementia praecox. > A45;0==K5 A B5E ?>@ <=>N =01;N45=8O 8 2 >A>15==>AB8 B>, GB> >B:@K;>AL <=5 2> 2@5<O <>8E 70=OB89 2 0@865, ?@8 87CG5=88 ?A8E0AB5=88, 2KOA=8;8 <=5 ?@8=04;56=>ABL 3@C??K 1>;57=8, >?8A0==>9 0=M, : =52@>7C 8=B@>25@A88 (8;8 GB> B>65, H87>D@5=88 ;59;5@0). 3 !@. @>4AB25==K5 A>>1@065=8O 2 8E @01>B0E: Ueber die Psychologie der Dementia praecox, Halle, 1907, 8 Inhalt der Psychose, Deuticke, Wien, 1908. 2B>@ >?@545;O5B, >?8@0OAL =0 $@5940, E0@0:B5@8AB8G5A:89 C:;>= 2 Dementia praecox, :0: 02B>M@>B87<, => MB>, 70<5GC 745AL, O2;O5BAO ;8HL >4=8< 87 A;54AB289 8=B@>25@A88. 4 $@594, :>B>@><C O >1O70= 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 <5@5 A2>8<8 2K2>40<8, 3>2>@8B 2 MB8E A;CG0OE B0:65 > ?>?KB:5 87;5G5=8O (Heilungsversuch). 5 / C<KH;5==> >:07K20N 745AL 2K@065=8N "imago" ?@54?>GB5=85 ?5@54 2K@065=85< "complex"; 2K1>@>< B5E=8G5A:>3> B5@<8=0 O E>GC 2=5H=5 ?@840BL 682CN A0<>AB>OB5;L=>ABL 2 ?A8E8G5A:>9 85@0@E88 8<5==> B><C 4CH52=><C A>AB02C, :>B>@K9 O @07C<5N ?>4 imago; B> 5ABL O E>GC ?>4G5@:=CBL BC 02B>=><8N, :>B>@CN O =0 >A=>20=88 <=>38E =01;N45=89 (A@. 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A., AB@0. 108 8 123. !@. $@594: Die Traumdeutung. 44 !<. > AC1;8<8@>20=88 C $@5940: Drei Abhandlungen zur Sezualthcorie, Wien, 1905 S. 76. 45 0 A5:C;O@870F8N @5;838>7=>3> 8=B5@5A0, :0: =0 =>2>5 2>?;>I5=85 ;>3>A0, C:07K205B 8 Kalthoff (Entstehung des Christentums, S. 154). %>4 53> <KA;8, AE>45= A <>8<. = 3>2>@8B: ">;55 3;C1>:89 273;O4 =0 >4CH52;5=85 ?@8@>4K 2 A>2@5<5==>9 682>?8A8, 687=5==0O 8=BC8F8O, >B :>B>@>9 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 >B:070BLAO 1>;LH5 8 =0C:0, 4065 2 A0<>9 AB@>3>9 A2>59 @01>B5, 405B 2>7<>6=>ABL ;53:> ?>=OBL, :0:8< >1@07>< ;>3>A M;;8=A:>9 D8;>A>D88 (:>B>@K9 C:070; 4@52=5<C B8?C %@8AB0 53> ?>;>65=85 2 <8@5), ;8H5==K9 A2>53> ?>BCAB>@>==53> E0@0:B5@0, ?@074=C5B A2>5 =>2>5 2>?;>I5=85." 46 <5==> MB> >1AB>OB5;LAB2>, ?>-2848<><C, 8 O28;>AL ?@8G8=>9 3815;8 :C;LB0 8B@K, :>340 MB>B :C;LB ?@8=O; 1>;55 2=5H=85 D>@<K 2K@065=8O: 27>@ B>9 M?>E8 4>;65= 1K; 1KBL >B2545= >B <8@A:>9 :@0A>BK 23CAB8= (A?>254L, :=. 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K ?><=8< MBC ?@5>4>;520NICN BO65ABL =0 G0H5 25A>2, >7=0G0NI59 ?@020 >30 ?> >B=>H5=8N : G5;>25:C >2C. "0<, 345 3;C1>:85 8AB>G=8:8 >:50=0, 6825B ;5280D0=; >BBC40 ?>4K<05BAO 2A5@07@CH0NI0O 2>;=0, 2A5 2 A515 ?>3;>I0NI0O ?CG8=0 682>B=>9 AB@0AB8. 02OI55, C4CH0NI55 74 GC2AB2>, GB> 2;5G5=85 =5C45@68<> 2B>@305BAO, =0E>48B A2>N <8D>;>38G5A:CN ?@>5:F8N 2> 2A5 ?>:@K20NI59 A>1>N 2>;=5, :>B>@0O C=8GB>605B 2A5 ACI5AB2CNI55, GB>1K 87 MB>3> C=8GB>65=8O <>3;> 2>7=8:=CBL =>2>5 8 ;CGH55 B2>@5=85. "0D5B: @5425G=0O 2>;O C4>AB>8B >1JOA=8BL MB>B A>= > 4>1@5 8 7;5; 8 8A:C?8B 2 A515 A0<>9 2A5 2@5<5=0, 2A5 ACI5AB2CNI55; 8 ?>:@K2 04 A2>8<8 2A5<>3CI8<8 :@K;LO<8, C=8GB>68B 53>!  25@=5B 8A:C?;5==>9 75<;5 :@0A>BC 55 @>645=8O. CE8: >340 65 =0G=5B 459AB2>20BL MB> 482=>5 2>;H51AB2>? 0D5B: >340 ?@845B A:C?8B5;L; A=0G0;0 2 AB@040=88, 70B5< 2 A;025. CE8: >2K5 2@5<5=0, =>2K5 <5AB=>AB8, =>2K5 8A:CAAB20, =>2K5 ;N48! > 2A5 B5 65 AB0@K5 A;57K, AB0@K5 ?@5ABC?;5=8O 8 5I5 1>;55 AB0@K5 1>;57=8 1C4CB ACI5AB2>20BL A@548 @>40 20H53> 2 @07=>>1@07=KE 2840E; => 2A5 B5 65 =@02AB25==K5 1C@8 1C4CB ?@>=>A8BLAO 8 =04 1C4CI8<, :0: 2>;=K, :>B>@K5 2 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2 ?@>=>AOBAO =04 A;02=K<8 <>38;0<8 25;8:0=>2". @>@>G5A:85 3>@87>=BK 0D5B0 8<5NB ?@5645 2A53> ?@>@>G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 4;O =0H59 ?>MB5AAK. !<5@BLN <>;8 2 A25B5 7;> CAB@0=5=> ;8HL =0 A59 @07; :><?;5:A 2=>2L >B:@K;AO 459AB28B5;L=>AB8, E>BO 8 2 F5=7C@8@>20==>9 D>@<5; ?@>1;5<0 MB8< =5 @07@5H05BAO; AB@040=8O 8 B><;5=8O =0G8=0NBAO A=>20; >4=0:>, GC2AB2C5BAO ">15B>20=85 2 2>74CE5", ?@54GC2AB285 871028B5;O, "<=>3>;N18<>3>", A>;=5G=>3> 35@>O, :>B>@K9 2=>2L ?>4K<05BAO : A>;=5G=>9 2KA>B5 8 A=>20 A?CA:05BAO 2 78<=89 E>;>4, O2;OOAL A25B>< =04564K >B ?>:>;5=8O : ?>:>;5=8N - >1@07>< libido.  '/ 1  A2>8E Grundlagen des 19. Jahrhundens 'M<15@;5= 2848B 2 MB>9 ?@>1;5<5 18>;>38G5A:>5 A0<>C189AB2> 2A;54AB285 157<5@=>3> 10AB0@-48@>20=8O B>340H=8E =0@>4>2, 682H8E 24>;L 15@53>2 !@54875<=>3> >@O. / ?>;030N, GB> 10AB0@48@>20=85, =0>1>@>B, 45;05B ;N459 A;8H:>< >1K:=>25==K<8 2 8E 687=5@04>AB=>AB8. !:>@55 <>6=> ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> >A>15==> B>=:85 8 4CE>2=> 2KA>:>AB>OI85 ;N48, ?@8E>48;8 2 >BG0O=85 >B C60A=>9 @07>@20==>AB8 B>3> 2@5<5=8 (:>B>@0O 1K;0 ;8HL 2K@065=85< @07>@20==>AB8 >B45;L=>3> 8=482840) 8 AB@5<8;8AL ?>:>=G8BL A> A2>59 687=LN, GB>1K 2 A515 ?@825AB8 : A<5@B8 AB0@CN :C;LBC@C A 55 15A:>=5G=>9 3@5E>2=>ABLN. 2 Bucolia. Ecl. IV. 3 !?@0254;82>ABL-?@02>, 4>GL 52A0 8 $5<84K ?>:8=C;0 A> 2@5<5=8 7>;>B>3> 25:0 >3@C152HCN 75<;N. 4 !@. Apuleius, Metamorph. lib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iagnostische Assoziationsstudien u Psychologie der Dementia praecox, 0@. II und III. 9  <038G5A:>< ?0?8@CA5, :>B>@K9 Dieterich 8740; :0: ;8BC@38N 8B@K, =0E>48BAO A;54CNI0O ?5A=L ?>A2OI05<>3>: 5A<L 725740, A>?@>2>640NI0O 20A 8 8AB>G0NI0O A25B 87 3;C18=K. 10  F0@8 87 @>40 !0AA0=84>2 =07K20;8 A51O 1@0BLO<8 A>;=F0 8 ;C=K.  38?B5 AG8B0;8 4CHC :064>3> 3>AC40@O >A:>;:>< A>;=5G=>3> %>@CA0 - 8=:0@=0F859 A>;=F0. 11 =52=>5 8AE>645=85 87 ?@58A?>4=59. !<. Erman: Aegypten, S. 409 ff. 12 !@. 2KH5 :>@>=>20=85. 5@> - A8<2>; 2;0AB8. 5=5F 87 >?5@5=8O B> 65. GB> 8 :>@>=0 87 ;CG59. >@>=>20=85 5ABL C65 >B>65AB2;5=85 A A>;=F5<. "0: 7C1G0B0O :>@>=0 ?>O2;O5BAO 2 87>1@065=8OE =0 @8<A:8E <>=5B0E A B>3> 2@5<5=8, :>340 =0G0;>AL >B>645AB2;5=85 F570@59 A =5?>1548<K< A>;=F5< (solis invicti omes). !8O=85 2>:@C3 3>;>2K A2OBKE 5ABL >1@07 A>;=F0, B0: 65 :0: B>=7C@0. # 6@5F>2 784K 1K;8 2K1@8BK5 1;5ABOI85 <0:CH:8, :0: "72574K". !@. 5B0<>@D>7K ?C;5O. 13 !@. B>, GB> O A:070; ?> ?>2>4C MB>3> 2 @01>B5 > =0G5=88 >BF0 4;O AC4L1K :064>3>. 14  B5:AB5 B. =07. 8BC@388 8B@K 3>2>@8BAO: "0: B>;L:> BK MB> A:065HL, >B:@>5BAO A59G0A 65 48A: A>;=F0". 8AB ?@>A8;, A;54>20B5;L=>, 2 A2>59 <>;8B25 > 1>65AB25==>9 A8;5, GB>1K <>GL @0A:@KBL 4065 A>;=5G=K9 48A:.  (0=B5:;5@ >AB0=0 70AB02;O5B A>;=F5 27>9B8 A2>8< ?5BCH8=K< :@8:><. # 0BD5O (17, 20) G8B05<: "1> 8AB8==> 3>2>@N 20<: 5A;8 1C45B5 8<5BL 25@C 2 3>@G8G=>5 75@=> 8 A:065B5 3>@5 A59: ?5@5948 >BAN40 BC40; 8 >=0 ?5@5945B; 8 =8G53> =5 1C45B =52>7<>6=>3> 4;O 20A". 15 >0== 10, 30: "/ 8 B5F >4=>". 16 " 42CE B5;0E" B5<=K9 M?8B5B, 5A;8 =5 ?@87=0BL, GB> B>340H=8< <8AB5@8O< 8725AB=0 42CB5;5A=>ABL !?0A5==>3> O2;O;0AL 0B@81CB>< 8 1>65AB20, 0, A;54>20B5;L=>, 8 libido.  :C;LB5 8B@K 1>3><-4CE><, ?>-2848<><C, O2;O5BAO 8B@0, 0 1>3><-?@8@>4>N - 5;8>A, 2848<K9 =0<5AB=8: 1>65AB20. !@. 40;LH5 > A<5H5=8OE %@8AB0 A A>;=F5<. 17 5=0= ($8;>A>DA:85 480;>38 8 >B@K2:8) 3>2>@8B: "> B>3>, :0: @5;838O 4>H;0 4> ?@>2>73;0H5=8O, GB> >30 =04> 8A:0BL 2 01A>;NB=><, 2 8455, B> 5ABL 2=5 <8@0, ACI5AB2>20; ;8HL >48= :C;LB @07C<=K9 8 =0CG=K9: MB> 1K; :C;LB A>;=F0". 18 Buber Ekstatische Konfessionen, S. 66. 19 5A=8 ;N128 : >3C. &8B. 87 Buder. Ekstat. Konfess., S. 40.- >4AB25==CN A8<2>;8:C <>6=> =09B8 8 C 0@;59;O ( 25;8:>< G5;>25:5): "A5 25;8:>5 2 1KB88 459AB28B5;L=> 25;8:> 4;O =53>. C40 1K >= =8 >1@0B8;AO, >= =5 <>65B 87153=CBL MB>9 25;8G5AB25==>9 459AB28B5;L=>AB8. -B> A2>9AB2> 53> ?@8@>4K; 8<5==> MB> 8 ?@8405B 5<C 25;8G85. #AB@0H0NI5N 8 482=>N, 459AB25==>N :0: 687=L, 459AB25==>N :0: A<5@BL, O2;O5BAO 5<C 2A5;5==0O.  5A;8 2A5 701K;8 1K ?@024C 2A5;5==>9 8 ?>440;8AL 1K >1<0=G82K< <8@060<, >= =5 A<>65B B0: ?>ABC?8BL. 5@54 =8< ?>AB>O==> A8O5B ?;0<5==K9 >1@07". (5@>8 8 ?>:;>=5=85 35@>O<.) 20 Buber 1. A. S. 45. 21 / ?>4G5@:820N MB> <5AB> ?>B><C, GB> >1@07 MB>B 70:;NG05B 2 A515 ?A8E>;>38G5A:89 :>@5=L B0: =07K205<>3> =515A=>3> AB@0==8G5AB20 4CH8, ?@54AB02;5=85 > :>B>@>< 2>AE>48B 4> 3;C1>:>9 4@52=>AB8. -B> >1@07 A:8B0NI53>AO A>;=F0, :>B>@>5 >B 2>AE>40 4> 70:0B0 ?@>15305B 25AL <8@. !B@0=AB2CNI85 1>38 ACBL >1@07K A>;=F0, B> 5ABL libido. -B> C?>4>1;5=85 =5873;048<> 2@570;>AL 2 G5;>25G5A:CN D0=B078N. @8254C 420 E0@0:B5@=KE 4;O MB>3> AB8E>B2>@5=8O. 5@2>5 !B@040=8O 0B8;L4K 575=4>=:: "!>;=F5, ?;0G5HL :064K9 25G5@ 8 B2>8 ?@5:@0A=K5 3;070 :@0A=5NB, :>340 BK :C?05HLAO 2 75@:0;5 2>4, 8 B51O =0AB8305B @0==OO :>=G8=0. > 2>AAB05HL 2 ?@56=5< 25;8:>;5?88; 1;5A: AC<@0G=>3> <8@0, BK, ?@>1C6405HLAO CB@><, ?>4>1=>5 3>@4><C ?>1548B5;N. 0: <>3C O 60;>20BLAO, 284O, GB> A5@4FC <>5<C BO65;>, :>340 4065 A>;=FC ?@8E>48BAO 2?040BL 2 C=K=85, :>340 4065 A>;=F5 4>;6=> 70E>48BL.  5A;8 687=L ?>@>6405B ;8HL A<5@BL, 5A;8 1;065=AB2> ?@8=>A8B B>;L:> AB@040=8O, B> :0: 25;8:0 <>O 1;03>40@=>ABL, GB> ?@8@>40 =045;8;0 <5=O B0:8< AB@040=85<". @C3>5, ?0@0;;5;L=>5 MB><C AB8E>B2>@5=85, ?@8=04;568B 8:0@45 %CE: ">4>1=> B><C, :0: 75<;O, @0AAB020OAL A A>;=F5<, 2 A?5H=>< ?>;5B5 C40;O5BAO 2 1C@=CN =>GL, >:CBK20O >1=065==>5 B5;> 2 A=56=>5 72574=>5 ?>:@K20;>, 2 <>;G0=88, ;8H5==0O ;5B=59 1;03>40B8; (?>4>1=> B><C, :0: 75<;O) 3;C165 ?>3@C60OAL 2 78<=NN B5=L, 2=570?=> 1;878BAO : B><C, >B G53> >=0 C1530;0; 2848B A51O 2 3>@OG8E >1JOB8OE @>7>2>3> A25B0, 1@>A0OAL =02AB@5GC ?>B5@O==><C AC?@C3C: - B0: H;0 O, AB@040O >B :0@K 873=0=8O, ?@>GL >B B2>8E >G59 =02AB@5GC 7;>9 4>;5, 15770I8B=0O, ?@540==0O ?CABK==><C A525@C, ?>AB>O==> 3;C165 A:;>=OOAL : A<5@B=><C A=C, 8 B0:65 (:0: 75<;O) O ?@>1C48;0AL C B2>53> A5@4F0, >A;5?;5==0O 25;8:>;5?85< CB@5==59 70@8". 22 Werke Bd. VIII, S. 427. 23 Dieterich 1. A. S. 8, 9: !28AB 8 I5;:0=85 ?@54AB02;ONB A>1>N 0@E08G5A:89 ?5@568B>:, ;8H5==K9 2:CA0. "0: ?@82;5:0;8 2=8<0=85 B5@8><>@D8G5A:8E 1>65AB2; >BG0AB8 MB> 8=D0=B8;L=>5 2>A?><8=0=85; 45B59 CA?>:0820NB ?>4>1=K<8 65 72C:0<8, B0:>5 65 7=0G5=85 8<55B 8 @52, >1@0I5==K9 : 1>65AB2C; 2 8BC@388 8B@K (AB@. 13) 2AB@5G05BAO A;54CNI55 <5AB>. ""K 65 2>77@8 : =5<C 8 87409 ?@>BO6=K9 @52, :0: 87 @>30, =0?@O30O 2A5 A2>5 4KE0=85, A68<0O A2>8 1>:0, 0 ?>B>< ?>F5;C9 0<C;5B." - ">O 4CH0 @525B, 3>;>A>< 3>;>4=>3> ;L20", 3>2>@8B 5E-B8;L40 03451C@3A:0O, 0 2 ?A0;<5 42, 2 <K G8B05<: "0: ;0=L AB@5<8BAO : ?>B>:0< 2>4K, B0: 4CH0 <>O AB@5<8BAO : "515, >65!" C;LB>2K9 >1@O4, :0: MB> G0AB> A;CG05BAO, >?CAB8;AO 4> @8B>@8G5A:>9 D83C@K. Dementia @305A>E 2;8205B 687=L 2 MB>B AB0@8==K9 >1@O40 B0: =07K2. "GC4>< @520" (@515@0, ?>A@54AB2>< :>B>@>3> MB>B 1>;L=>9 ?>405B 25ABL > A2>5< ACI5AB2>20=88 >3C (==>BFC), ?;>E> >@85=B8@>20==><C >B=>A8B5;L=> G5;>25G5AB20. =D0=B8;L=K5 2>A?><8=0=8O 745AL A>25@H5==> OA=K: 45BA:89 :@8: ?@87K205B @>48B5;59; A28AB 8 I5;:0=85 O7K:>< ?@82;5:05B B5@8><>@D8G5A:85 0B@81CBK, B> 5ABL 682>B=KE, A?>A>1=KE >:070BL ?><>IL (A<. Rank, Mythus von der Geburt des Helden). 24 Erman: Aegypten, S. 354. 25 1.A. S.355. 26 !@. 2KH5 "?OB8?5@AB=K5 72574K" 27 K: ?8A 5ABL <0=8D5AB0F8O Ptah. >>1I5 1K: 8725AB=K9 A>;=5G=K9 A8<2>;. 28 <>=. 29 !>1: 87 $09C<0. 30 >3 87 54C 2 5;LB5, :>B>@K9 ?>G8B0;AO :0: 45@52O==0O A20O - D0;;8G5A:8 (Pfahl - Phallos). 31 -B0 @5D>@<0, :>B>@0O 1K;0 ?@>2545=0 A 1>;LH8< D0=0B87<><, 2A:>@5 1K;0 ?>B>< C=8GB>65=0. 32 @H. Metamorph. lib. XI, 239. 33 !B>8B >B<5B8BL, GB> =5:>B>@K5 3C<0=8ABK (O 8<5N 2 284C B>, GB> A:070; CG5=K9 Mutianus Rufus) 2A:>@5 ?@8H;8 : B><C 70:;NG5=8N, GB> 4@52=>ABL 8<5;0, A>1AB25==> 3>2>@O, ;8HL 420 1>65AB20, >4=> <C6A:>5 8 >4=> 65=A:>5. 34 5 B>;L:> 1>65AB2C, => 8 4CH5 ?@8?8AK20;0AL A25B>20O 8;8 >3=5==0O AC1AB0=F8O, :0: =0?@8<5@ 2 A8AB5<5 Mani, 0 B0:65 8 C 3@5:>2, 345 4CH0 E0@0:B5@87>20;0AL :0: >3=5==>5 4C=>25=85. !2OB>9 4CE >2>3> 025B0 ?>O2;O5BAO 2 2845 ?;0<5=8 =0 3>;>20E 0?>AB>;>2. (A@. Dieterich 1. A. S. 116). ! MB8< AE>4=> 8@0=A:>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > Hvareno; ?>4 MB8< A;54C5B ?>=8<0BL "8;>ABL 510", 2 A8;C :>B>@>9 ?@028B <>=0@E. 8;>ABL, 1;03>40BL ?@54AB02;O;8 A515 25AL<0 25I5AB25==>, :0: A2>53> @>40 >3>=L 8;8 A8ONI89 >@5>; (A<. Cumont, Myst. des Mythra, S. 70); A ?@54AB02;5=8O<8 @>4AB25==>3> E0@0:B5@0 <K 2AB@5G05<AO C 5@=5@0 2 53> Scherin von Prevorst 8 2 A;CG05, >?C1;8:>20==>< <=>N 2 A8E>;>388 8 ?0B>;>388 B0: =07K205<KE >::C;LB=KE O2;5=89. 45AL 4CH8 =5 B>;L:> A>AB>OB 87 4CE>2=>-A25B>2>9 AC1AB0=F88, => 25AL <8@ ?>AB@>5= =0 15;>-G5@=>9 A8AB5<5 <0=8E59AB20 - 8 2A5 MB> C ?OB=04F0B8;5B=59 452>G:8! #<AB25==>5 A25@E4>AB865=85, :>B>@>5 O ?@5645 CA<0B@820; 2 A>740=88 MB>9 D0=B0788, @0A:@K205BAO B5?5@L, :0: A;54AB285 M=5@38G=>9 8=B@>25@A88, :>B>@0O 27@K205B 3;C1>:85 8AB>@8G5A:85 ?;0ABK 4CE0; 2 ?>A;54=8E O 286C @53@5AA8N : 2>A?><8=0=8O< G5;>25G5AB20, A3CAB82H8<AO 2 15AA>7=0B5;L=><. 35 Dieterich 1. A. S. 6-7. 36 @8254C 5I5 >4=> <5AB> 87 Firmicus Matemus (Mathes. 1, 5, 9; cit. Cumont: Text. et mon. 1, 40): "Cui (animo) descensus per oroem solis tribuitur".- CH0, :>B>@>9 ?@54>?@545;5=> ?045=85 G5@57 A>;=5G=K9 :@C3, 37 Cumont: Text. et mon. I, S. 163. 38 Mead: A Mithriac Ritual. London 1907, S. 22. 39 / >1O70= <>5<C 4@C3C 8 A>B@C4=8:C 4>:B>@C 8:;8=C A>>1I5=85< A;54CNI53> A;CG0O, :>B>@K9 >1=0@C68205B 70=8<0NICN =0A 745AL A8<2>;8:C. 5;> 845B > ?0@0=>84=>9 1>;L=>9, C :>B>@>9 =0G0;0AL >G5284=0O <0=8O 25;8G8O A;54CNI8< >1@07><: >=0 C2845;0 24@C3 A8;L=K9 A25B, 25B5@ >14020; 55, >=0 GC2AB2>20;0, :0: 55 A5@4F5 ?>25@=C;>AL 8 A MB>3> <3=>25=8O >=0 7=0;0, GB> >3 2>H5; 2 =55 8 1K; 2 =59. / 4>;65= B0:65 745AL C:070BL =0 8=B5@5A=K5 A>2?045=8O <8D>;>38G5A:8E 8 ?0B>;>38G5A:8E >1@07>20=89, :>B>@K5 ?@82>4OBAO 2 0=0;8B8G5A:>< 8AA;54>20=88 Dr. !018=K (?8;L@59=; MB> 8AA;54>20=85 2K?>;=5=> A 87C<8B5;L=K< B5@?5=85< 8 >A=>20B5;L=>ABLN. / 4>;65= 745AL @5H8B5;L=> ?>4G5@:=CBL B> >1AB>OB5;LAB2>, GB> 3>A?>60 (?8;L@59= >B:@K;0 MB8 A8<2>;87<K 2 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>9 @01>B5 =57028A8<> >B <5=O. 01>B0 ?><5I5=0 2 Jahrbuch. 40 Dieterish 1. A. AB@. 10-11 8 14-15. 41 !CI5AB2C5B E0;459A:>5 CG5=85, ?> :>B>@><C A>;=F5 70=8<05B A5@548==>5 <5AB> 2 E>@5 A5<8 ?;0=5B. B:@>2. 1, 12. 42 >;LH0O 542548F0 A>AB>8B 87 A5<8 72574. 43 8B@0 (A5@? 8 <5G. .) G0AB> 87>1@0605BAO A =>6>< 2 >4=>9 @C:5 8 A D0:5;>< 2 4@C3>9. >6 2 :0G5AB25 65@B25==>3> >@C48O 83@05B 2 53> <8D5 1>;LHCN @>;L. 44 !@. A MB8< ?C@?C@=K9 ?;0I 5;8>A0 2 8BC@388 8B@K. 1@O4K @07;8G=KE :C;LB>2 B@51>20;8, GB>1K CG0AB=8:8 >1;5:0;8AL 2 :@>202CN :>6C 65@B25==KE 682>B=KE; B0: 1K;> 2 ;C?5@:0;8OE, 8>=8A8OE 8 A0BC@=0;8OE; ?5@568B>: ?>A;54=8E 5ABL :0@=020;, B8?8G5A:>9 D83C@>9 :>B>@>3> 2 8<5 O2;O;AO @80? C;LG8=5;;>. 45 !?CB=8:8 5;8>A0 B0:65 1K;8 >1;5G5=K 2 28AA>=. >38 A 1KGL8<8 3>;>20<8 =>A8;8 15;K5 ?5@54=8:8. 46 B:@>2. 14, 12 8 5;. 47 "8BC; 8B@K (Vendidad XIX, 28; F8B8@>20=> ?> Cumont: Text. et mon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umont: Textes et monuments figures relatifs aux mysleres de Mithra. Bruxelles 1899, I, p. 178). 49 !@. <>N @01>BC : A8E>;>388 8 0B>;>388 B0: =07K205<KE >::C;LB=KE O2;5=89. 50 Apul. Met. lib, XI. 51 De Somniis I, 85. 52 &8B8@>20=> ?> Usener, Weihnachtf est, S. 5: 5AB> 87 0;0E88 <>6=> =09B8 2 3, 19: " 4;O 20A, 1;03>3>25NI8E ?5@54 8<5=5< >8<, 27>945B A>;=F5 ?@024K 8 8AF5;5=85 2 ;CG0E 3>." -B0 D83C@0 C?>4>1;5=8O =0?><8=05B 538?5BA:89 >1@07 A>;=F0. 53 Cumont. Text. et mon. 1.1, p. 355: 54 Tract. XXXIV, 2; cit. Cumont: Text. et mon. t. I, p. 356. "Non est Dominus Sol factus sed per quern Sol factus est - ne quis carnaliter sapiens Solem istum (Christum) intelligendum putaret. 55 1@070 2 :0B0:><10E A>45@60B <=>3> A>;=5G=>9 A8<2>;8:8. @5AB svastica (8725AB=K9 >1@07 A>;=F0, A>;=5G=>5 :>;5A>) 2AB@5G05BAO =0 >1;0G5=88 $>AA>@0-8>35=0 2 Coemeterium 5B@0 8 0@F5;;8=0. !8<2>;K 2>AE>4OI53> A>;=F0, 1K: 8 >25=, =0E>4OBAO =0 D@5A:5 @D5O 2 Coemeterium'e A2. ><8F8;;K, B0:65 >25= 8 ?02;8= (:>B>@K9 2<5AB5 A D5=8:A>< ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>N A>;=5G=K9 A8<2>;) 2AB@5G0NBAO =0 >4=>9 M?8B0D88 2 :0B0:><15 0;;8AB0. 56  ><8;5B8:5 ;8<5=B0 8<A:>3> AB>8B: - # >A?>40 1K;> 425=04F0BL 0?>AB>;>2, :>B>@K5 =>A8;8 G8A;> 425=04F0B8 <5AOF52 A>;=F0. -B>B >1@07, >G5284=>, 8<55B >B=>H5=85 : A>;=5G=><C ?CB8 ?> 7>480:C. 5 ?KB0OAL 745AL 40BL B>;:>20=85 7>480:0, O C?><O=C, GB> A>3;0A=> AB0@8==><C 2>77@5=8N (25@>OB=> E0;4552) ?CBL A>;=F0 87>1@060;AO 2 2845 7<58, =5ACI59 =0 A?8=5 7>480:0;L=K5 7=0:8, :0: Deus leontocep-halus 2 <8AB5@88 8B@K. -B> 2>77@5=85 ?>4:@5?;O5BAO 4@C38< <5AB>< 87 20B8:0=A:>3> :>45:A0, :>B>@>5 ?@82>48BAO C Cumont 2 4@C3>9 A2O78 (190 saec. XIII, @. 229; Text. et mon. t. I, p. 85): ">340 2A5<C4@K9 B2>@5F 3=52=K< 42865=85< 428=C; 25;8:>3> 4@0:>=0, :>B>@K9 =0 A2>59 A?8=5 =5A @07C:@0H5==K9 25=5F, B. 5., 425=04F0BL 72574=KE >1@07>2 7>480:0. -B0 B5A=59H0O A2O7L A 7>480:0;L=>9 7<55N 4>AB>9=0 2=8<0=8O 8 =02>48B =0 @07<KH;5=8O. 0=8E59A:0O A8AB5<0 ?@8C@>G8;0 : >1@07C %@8AB0 7<5N, 8<5==> 7<5N =0 @09A:>< 45@525; <5AB> 87 20=35;8O >0==0 3, 14 :0: 1K C?@02><>G8205B =0 MB>: " :0: >8A59 2>7=5A 7<5N 2 ?CABK=5; B0: 4>;6=> 2>7=5A5=C 1KBL !K=C G5;>25G5A:><C". >3>A;>2  a u f f (Biblische Real- und Verbalkonkordanz, 1834) 70<5G05B ?> ?>2>4C MB>3> <5AB0 A;54CNI55: "%@8AB>A @0AA<0B@8205B, >4=0:>, MB>B AB0@>7025B=K9 @0AA:07 :0: =5?@54=0<5@5==K9 A8<2>; 8458 ?@8<8@5=8O". >GB8 B5;5A=0O A>?@8=04;56=>ABL ?@825@65=F52 %@8AB0 <564C A>1>N 8 A 8< 8725AB=0 (: 8<;. 12, 4): "1> :0: 2 >4=>< B5;5 C =0A <=>3> G;5=>2, => C 2A5E G;5=>2 >4=> 8 B> 65 B5;>: B0: <K <=>385 A>AB02;O5< >4=> B5;> 2> %@8AB5, 0 ?>@>7=L >48= 4;O 4@C3>3> G;5=K". A;8 1K ?>4B25@48;>AL, GB> 7>480:0;L=K5 7=0:8 ACBL >1@07K libido, B> <=>3>7=0G8B5;L=K9 A<KA; ?>;CG8;> 1K A;54CNI55 <5AB> 2 20=35;88 >B >0==0 1, 29: "!5, 03=5F >689, :>B>@K9 15@5B =0 A51O 3@5E <8@0"; ?@8 MB>< O, :>=5G=>, 8<5N 2 284C ;8HL 8AB>@8G5A:89 >G5@: MB>3> D83C@0;L=>3> 2K@065=8O. !@. Leblant: Sarcophages de la Gaule, 1880. 57 > >4=>9 <N=E5=A:>9 @C:>?8A8 12-3> AB>;5B8O. 58 ?>A;54AB288 BB8A 1K; 0AA8<8;8@>20= 8B@5. = 87>1@060;AO B0:65 :0: 8 8B@0 2 D@8389A:>9 H0?>G:5 (Cumont: Myst. de Mythra, p. 65). > A2845B5;LAB2C 5@>=8<0 8D;55<A:0O ?5I5@0, 345 @>48;AO %@8AB>A, 1K;0 ?5@2>=0G0;L=> :0?8I5< (spelaeum) BB8A0 (Usener: Weihnachtsfest, S. 283). 59 Cumont (ibidem p. 4) 3>2>@8B > E@8AB80=AB25 8 <8B@08F87<5 A;54CNI55: "! 87C<;5=85< 70<5B8;8 >10 ?@>B82=8:0, 4> G53> >=8 ?>E>68 4@C3 =0 4@C30 2> <=>38E >B=>H5=8OE, => 40BL A515 >BG5B 2 ?@8G8=0E MB>3> AE>4AB20 >=8 =5 1K;8 2 A>AB>O=88". 60 Edmond Rostand: Cyrano de Bergerac. Paris, 1896. 61 !<. KB85 1, 2: ">340 C2845;8 AK=K >689 4>G5@59 G5;>25G5A:8E, GB> >=8 ?@5:@0A=K, 8 1@0;8 A515 2 65=K, :0:CN :B> 2K1@0;. 62 1.A.S.419. 63 @>5:F8O 2 ":>A<8G5A:>5" 5ABL AB0@8==0O ?@828;538O libido, B0: :0: ?>A;54=OO 5AB5AB25==> 2ABC?05B 2 =0H5 2>A?@8OB85 G5@57 2A5 2E>4K =0H8E GC2AB2 A;>2=> 872=5, 8 8<5==> 2 D>@<5 A>?@>2>640NI8E 2>A?@8OB85 A>72CG0=89 GC2AB20 C4>2>;LAB28O 8 =5C4>2>;LAB28O, A>72CG0=89, :>B>@K5 <K, :0: 8725AB=>, 157 40;L=59H8E @0AAC645=88 ?@8?8AK205< >1J5:BC 8 ?@8G8=K :>B>@KE <K 2>?@5:8 D8;>A>DA:8< A>>1@065=8O< A:;>==K =587<5==> 2K8A:820BL 2 >1J5:B5, 4065 B>340, :>340 ?>A;54=89, :0: MB> G0AB> 1K205B, ?>GB8 2>2A5 2 =8E =5 ?>28=5=. B;8G=K5 ?@8<5@K =5?>A@54AB25==>9 ?@>5:F88 libido 2AB@5G05< <K 2 ;N1>2=KE ?5A=OE. "=87C =0 27<>@L5, 2=87C B0< =0 15@53C, B0< AB8@0;0 452CH:0, 25@>OB=>, >4564C A2>53> 2>7;N1;5==>3>...  ;53:89 70?04=K9 25B5@>: ?>25O; =0 15@53C 8 ?@8?>4=O; A;53:0 55 N1:C, 8 AB0;8 284=K I8:>;:8; 8 15@53 8 25AL <8@ AB0; A25B;55". (>2>3@5G5A:0O =0@>4=0O ?5A=L 87 Sander. "0 42>@5 8<8@0 O C2845;, :0: ?@>H;0 4>@>30O <=5 452CH:0; >B 1;5A:0 55 @C: 703>@5;>AL =51> 8 2A5 25G=>5 <>@5". (7 "Edda" 2 ?5@52>45 . Gehring). !N40 65 >B=>AOBAO 2A5 A>>1I5=8O > GC45A0E, > ":>A<8G5A:8E" A>1KB8OE ?@8 @>645=88 8 A<5@B8 35@>52 (8D;55<A:0O 725740, 75<;5B@OA5=85, @07@K2 E@0<>2>9 7025AK 8 B. 4. ?@8 A<5@B8 %@8AB0). A5<>3CI5AB2> >685 5ABL >G5284=>5 2A5<>3CI5AB2> libido, :>B>@0O O2;O5BAO 548=AB25==K< 459AB28B5;L=K< GC4>B2>@F5<. ?8A0==K9 $@594>< A8<?B>< "2A5<>3CI5AB2> <KA;8" ?@8 Zwangsneurose 2>7=8:05B 87 "A5:AC0;878@>20=8O" 8=B5;;5:B0. AB>@8G5A:0O ?0@0;;5;L : MB><C 5ABL <038G5A:>5 2A5<>3CI5AB2> <8AB>2, 4>AB83=CB>5 ?CB5< 8=B@>25@-A88. 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Steinthal: Die Sage von Simson. 3 =0:><AB2>< A MB8< >B@K2:>< O >1O70= 4-@C van Ophuijsen, Zurich. 4 C4@0 A>1AB25==> >B5F 25B@>2 (Maruts), 1>3 25B@0 8 1C@8; >= 2KABC?05B 745AL 2 :0G5AB25 548=AB25==>3> B2>@G5A:>3> 1>65AB20, > G5< 8 A2845B5;LAB2C5B 40;L=59H89 B5:AB. !>7840NI0O 8 >?;>4>B2>@ONI0O @>;L 2?>;=5 ?>4E>48B 5<C, :0: 1>3C 25B@0. !<. @0AAC645=85 2 ?5@2>9 G0AB8, :0A0NI55AO =0:A03>@0, 0 B0:65 8 ?>A;54CNI85. 5 5@A84A:89 1>3 A>;=F0 8B@0 B0:65 =045;5= 15AG8A;5==K< <=>65AB2>< 3;07. 6 B> 8<55B 2 A515 1>30, B. 5. A>;=F5, B>B 15AA<5@B5= ?>4>1=> A>;=FC. !@. ?5@2CN G0ABL, 3;. V. 7 QB5: $0CAB. 5@52>4 8:>;0O %>;>4:>2A:>3> ?>4 @540:F859 5B@0 59=15@30. 8 QB5: $0CAB, G. I. 9  B><C 65 5;0<? 225; D0;;8G5A:89 :C;LB.  =03@04C 70 B>, GB> >= ?>E>@>=8; <0BL 7<59, 7<55=KH8 ?@>G8AB8;8 5<C CH8 B0:, GB> >= AB0; "OA=>A;KH0I8<". 10 !@. :0@B8=C =0 2075 87 D820=A:>3> 018@8>=0, 345 018@K 87>1@065=K B> 2 >1;03>@>65==><, B> 2 :0@8:0BC@=>< 2845. (!<. Roscher. Lex. s. 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"Les savants ne sont pas turieux" (CG5=K5 =5 ;N1>?KB=K). 7 Jahrbuch Bd. Ill, S. 65. 8 !@. AB@. 198 A8E>;>388 dementia praecox. 9 !<. >?@545;5=85 2 1->9 G0AB8. 10 0?@8<5@ D@8384=0O 65=I8=0, :>B>@>9 2A;54AB285 A?5F8D8G5A:>3> ?>;>2>3> 2KB5A=5=8O =8:>340 =5 C4020;>AL ?@8=5AB8 libido sexualis <C6G8=5, ?>AB>O==> >682;O5B 2 A515 imago @>48B5;59 8 A>7405B A8<?B><K, :>B>@K5 A2O70=K A @>48B5;LA:8< :><?;5:A><. 11 0<5GC 2?@>G5<, GB> ?>4>1=K5 ?5@5E>4K 70 >1;0ABL ?>;>2>3> 2;5G5=8O <>3CB 8<5BL <5AB> 8 2 A;CG0OE 8AB5@8G5A:8E ?A8E>7>2; MB> ?>4@07C<5205BAO C65 A0<8< >?@545;5=85< ?A8E>70, :>B>@K9 >7=0G05B A>1>N =8GB> 8=>5 :0: 2A5>1I55 =0@CH5=85 ?@8A?>A>1;O5<>AB8. 12 $@594 3>2>@8B: Paraphrenie, GB>, :>=5G=>, ;CGH5 72CG8B. 13 !@. Ferenczi: Introjektion und Uebertragung, Jahrb. Bd. I, S. 422. 14 Welt ais Wine und Vorsteuung, Bd. I, 54. 15 !@. Ro&cher. Lex. S. 2248 ff. 16 Drews: Plotin, Jena 1907, S. 127. 17 I.A. S. 132. 181. A. S. 135. 19 !@. =865 > chi 2 " 8 < 5 5. 20 Plotin: Enneaden II, 5, 3. 21 Enn. IV, 8, 3. 22 Enn. III, 5, 9. 23 !@. 40;LH5 0=0;>38G5A:>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 538?BO=. 24 L. A. S. 141. 25 $@594, 01A>;NB=> M<?8@8G5A:CN ?>78F8N :>B>@>3> O 2A5 5I5 4>;65= 70I8I0BL >B ?@>B82=8:>2, CB25@640NI8E ?@>B82>?>;>6=>5, 2K=C645= >:070;AO 2 A2>59 @01>B5 > ?0@0=>95 2K9B8 70 @0<:8 A2>53> A>1AB25==>3> ?5@2>=0G0;L=>3> ?>=OB8O libido. = ?>;L7C5BAO B0< MB8< B5@<8=>< 4065 4;O >1>7=0G5=8O DC=:F88 459AB2<B5;L=>AB8, GB> O =8:0: =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?@8<8@8BL A B>G:>N 7@5=8O Drei Abhandlungen. 26 ;59;5@ ?@8E>48B : MB><C ?>=OB8N ?CB5< 8=KE A>>1@065=89, A :>B>@K<8 O =5 2A5340 <>3C A>3;0A8BLAO. !@. Bleuler: Dementia praecox in Aschaffenburgs Handbuch der Psychiatrie. 27 !<. .=3: @8B8:0 @01>BK ;59;5@0 " B5>@88 AE87>D@5==>3> =520B8287<0". Jahrb. Bd. Ill, S. 469. 28 Spielrein: Ueber den psychologischen Inhalt eines Falles der Schizephrenie. Jahrb. Bd. Ill, S. 329. 29 "0:8<8 D0=B0AB8G5A:8<8 ?@>4C:B0<8 O2;ONBAO, =0?@8<5@, A;54CNI85 :;8=8G5A:85 D>@<K: 30;;NF8=0F88, 157C<=K5 8458, @07;8G=K5 <=8<K5 GC2AB25==K5 2>A?@8OB8O 8 D0=B0AB8G5A:85 8==5@20F88. 30 AA;54>20=8O Honegger'a 2 <>8E @C:0E 8 2KE>4 8E 2 A25B ?>43>B>2;O5BAO. 31 Honegger ?@825; MB>B ?@8<5@ 2 A2>5< 4>:;045 2 G0AB=>< A>1@0=88 ?A8E>0=0;8B8:>2 2 N@=15@35 2 1910 3. 32 (?8;L@59=: I. A. S. 338, 353 8 3'87. 1 8AB5G5=88 A5<5=8 2 A2O78 A 8=4CAA:8< =0?8B:>< A><0, A<. =865. 33 !@. BertheloP. Les alchemistes greques, 0 B0:65 (?8;L@59=: I. A. S.353. 34 5 <>3C =5 70<5B8BL, GB> MB> 2845=85 2A:@K205B ?5@2>=0G0;L=K9 A<KA; 0;E8<88: >?;>4>B2>@ONI85 70:;8=0=8O :0: ?5@2>1KB=>5 A@54AB2> ?@>872>48BL =0 A25B 45B59 157 @>48B5;59. 35 (?8;L@59=: I. A. S. 345. 36 (?8;L@59=: I. A. S. 338. 37 (?8;L@59=: I. A. S. 397. 38 / 4>;65= B0:65 =0?><=8BL > B5E 8=459F0E, :>B>@K5 ?>;030;8, GB> ?5@2K5 ;N48 2>7=8:;8 87 A>548=5=8O @C:>OB8 <5G0 8 B:0F:>3> G5;=>:0. 391.A. 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'/ 1 -B> G8AB> :0B0B>=8G5A:>5 :0G0=85 3>;>2>9 O =01;N40; C >4=>9 AB@040NI59 :0B0B>=859; >=> 2>7=8:0;> 87 42865=89, A>?CBAB2CNI8E A>8B8N, :>B>@K5 <0;>-?><0;C ?5@54020;8AL 225@E; B0: C65 402=> >?8A0; MB> :0G0=85 8 $@594, CA<0B@820O 2 =5< ?5@5=5A5=85 A=87C 225@E. / 1K; 1K 1;03>40@5= =0H8< :@8B8:0<, 5A;8 1K >=8 2<5AB> 15A:>=5G=KE A;>25A=KE A?>@>2 ?>?KB0;8AL :>340-=81C4L ?>425@3=CBL >1AC645=8N B0:>5 ?@>AB>5 >1AB>OB5;LAB2>. 2 0;5=L:85 :@>H:8, :>B>@K5 ?@8 MB>< 2K?040;8, >=0 :;0;0 2 @>B 8 5;0 8E. 3 Traum und Mythus. Deuticke, 1909. 4 Zeitschr. f. vergl. Sprachforschung, II, 385 u. IV, 124. 5 !0=A:@8BA:>5 pramathyus A2O70==>5 A pramantha 8 8<5NI55 42>9=>5 7=0G5=85 B@CB0 8 @071>9=8:0 A>7405B ?5@5E>4 : @><5B5N. 4=0:>, ?@8AB02:0 @30 =02>48B =0 =5:>B>@>5 D8;>;>38G5A:>5 A><=5=85, B0: GB> F5;K9 @O4 02B>@>2 =5 ?@87=05B MB>3> A;>2>?@>872>4AB20. >-2848<><C, >B=>H5=85 @><5B5O : pramantha 2>2A5 C65 =5 B0:>5 =5?>A@54AB25==>5, :0: B> ?@54?>;0305B C=. CBL >B Pramantha : @><5B5N 845B =5 G5@57 A;>2>, 0 G5@57 7@8B5;L=K9 >1@07 8 <K ?>MB><C 4>;6=K ?@840BL @><5B5N B>B 65 A<KA;, :>B>@K9 ?>;CG05BAO 87 8=4CAA:>9 A8<2>;8:8 >3=O 4;O Pramantha. ?@>G5<, 2AO A2O7L, 745AL CAB0=>2;5==0O, ?>425@305BAO 5I5 A><=5=8O<. 6 1@030< C?><8=05B, GB> =0 52@59A:>< O7K:5 A;>20, >1>7=0G0NI85 <C6G8=C 8 65=I8=C, 8<5NB >B=>H5=85 : MB>9 A8<2>;8:5. 7 III, 29, 1-3. 8 >A?>60 O2;O;0AL B0:>2>N 8 2A53> @>40 G5;>25G5A:>3>. Vicpatni 5ABL 65=A:0O 45@52OH:0. Vicpati 0B@81CB Agni, <C6A:0O 45@52OH:0. KA;L > ?@>8AE>645=88 ;N459 87 >3=528FK A;54C5B B>9 65 ;>38:5 =087=0=:C, :0:>9 @C:>2>4AB2C5BAO 2KH5?@82545==0O <KA;L > B:0F:>< G5;=>:5 8 @C:>OB8 <5G0. >;L A>2>:C?;5=8O 2 ?>O2;5=88 =0 A25B G5;>25:0 4>;6=0 MB8< ?CB5< >B@8F0BLAO; MB> 2K720=> ?5@2>1KB=K< ?@>B82;5=85< ?> >B=>H5=8N A5:AC0;L=>AB8, <>B82K :>B>@>3> 1C4CB =865 ?>4@>1=55 @0AA<>B@5=K. 9 5@52> :0: A8<2>; <0B5@8 8725AB=> A>2@5<5==><C 8AA;54>20B5;N A=>2. (!@. Freud: Traumdeutung, S. 211.) 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Brihadaranyaka-Upanishad 1, 4 (?5@52545=> A ?5@52>40 59AA5=0). 37 0AE0;L=><C 03=FC 52@552 ?@84020;8 :@5AB>>1@07=CN D>@<C. 38 >?@>A 2 B><, >1@07>20;>AL ;8 MB> 7=0G5=85 ;8HL :0: O2;5=85 2B>@8G=>5. !>3;0A=> C=C A;54C5B ?@8=OBL MB> ?@54?>;>65=85. = 3>2>@8B 2 Herabkunrt des Feuers, AB@. 18, A;54CNI55: "<5AB5 A >1@07>202H8<AO 4> A8E ?>@ 7=0G5=85< :>@=O manth 2K@>A;> 8 ?@54AB02;5=85 >1  >B@K20=88", :>B>@>5 5AB5AB25==> @0728;>AL C65 2 540E 87 A0<>3> A?>A>10 459AB28O". 39 Herabkunrt des Feuers, AB@. 18. 40 @8<5@K C $@>15=8CA0: Das Zeitalter des Sonnengottes. 41 !@. Stekel: Die sexuelle Wurzel der Kleptomanie, Zeitschr. f. 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Sp. 3048, 42 8 5;. 39 065 B@>9=0O :>@>=0. 40  E@8AB80=AB25 ?>@O4>: =0A;54>20=8O B0:>9: >0== - %@8AB>A, 5B@ - ?0?0. 41 5AA<5@B85 >8A5O 4>:070=> B5<, GB> >= 2 AF5=5 @5>1@065=8O ?>AB02;5= =0 >4=C ;8=8N A 4859. 42 !@. $@>15=8CA: Das Zeitalter des Sonnengottes. 43 >MB><C "AK=" >689 8<55B A2>8< A8<2>;>< @K1C; 2 B> 65 2@5<O 3@O4CI0O <8@>20O M@0 5ABL M@0 @K1. 44 Inman: Ancient pagan and modern Christian symbolism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I, AB@. 50. 50 B;8G85 >B 65@B2K 8B@K 745AL, ?>-2848<><C, G@572KG09=> E0@0:B5@=>. 04>D>@K ?@54AB02;ONB A>1>N =57=0G0I8E 1>3>2 A25B0, =5 8<5NI8E 4>;8 2 65@B25.  65@B25 %@8AB0 =5B 2>2A5 682>B=>3>. -BC @>;L 83@0NB B0< 420 ?@5ABC?=8:0, ?@5B5@?520NI85 BC 65 A<5@BL. !F5=0 15A:>=5G=> 1>;55 4@0<0B8G=0. =CB@5==55 >B2>H5=85 404>D>@>2 : 8B@5, > G5< <=5 ?@845BAO 3>2>@8BL =865, ?>72>;O5B ?@54?>;030BL ?>4>1=>5 65 >B=>H5=85 <564C %@8AB>< 8 @071>9=8:0<8. !F5=0 A 0@022>9 A>45@68B 2 A515 =0<5:, GB> %@8AB>A, MB> - CE>4OI89 1>3 3>40, :>B>@K9 1K; ?@54AB02;5= ?@5ABC?=8:><, B>340 :0: 1>3 =0ABC?0NI53> 3>40 1K; >B?CI5= =0 2>;N. 51 0 >4=>< ?0<OB=8:5, =0?@8<5@, 8<55BAO A;54CNI55 ?>A2OI5=85: D(eo) I(nvicto) M(ithrae) C(autopali) (>3C 5?>15645==><C 8B@5 0CB>?0BC). AB@5G05BAO B0:65 Deo Mithrae Caute 8;8 Deo Mithrae Cautopati 2 B0:>< 65 G5@54>20=88, :0: 8 Deo Invicto Mithrae - 8;8 ?@>AB> - Deo Invicto 8;8 4065 B>;L:> - Invicto. !;CG05BAO B0:65, GB> 404>D>@K A=0165=K 0B@81CB0<8 8B@K - =>6>< 8 ;C:><. 7 MB>3> <>6=> 70:;NG8BL, GB> MB8 B@8 D83C@K ?@54AB02;ONB :0: 1K B@8 @07;8G=KE A>AB>O=8O >4=>3> 8 B>3> 65 ;8F0. Cumont: Text. et mon., AB@. 208. 52 !<. B0< 65. 53 "#25;8G820OAL 2B@>5, @<C74 C40;8;AO >B A>;=F0". &8B. B0< 65, AB@. 209. 54 Taurus 8 Scorpio - MB> 7=0:8 @02=>45=AB28O 4;O ?5@8>40 >B 4300 4> 2150 3. 4> . 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($@>15=8CA: Das Zeitalter des Sonnengottes, I, AB@. 237). 66 Inman: 1. A. AB@. 10, PI. IX. 67 >H5@: Lex. Sp. 2733/4, A<. > M=5. 68 725AB5=, :0: A>;=5G=>5 682>B=>5. '0AB> 2AB@5G05BAO, :0: D0;;8G5A:89 A8<2>;. 69 0: 8B@0 8 404>D>@K. (Pileus - H0?:0 =0?>4>185 ?>;>28=:8 O9F0. @O< ?5@52.). 70 !>25@H5==> >A>1K9 A25B =0 :0AB@0F8N 2 7=0: ?>:;>=5=8O <0B5@8 1@>A05B AE>4, 4, 25: "!5?D>@0 65 27O;0 :0<5==K9 =>6 8 >1@570;0 :@09=NN ?;>BL AK=0 A2>53>, 8 1@>A8;0 : =>30< 53> 8 A:070;0: - 40, 65=8E :@>28 BK <=5". -B> <5AB> ?>:07K205B, GB> A>1AB25==> >7=0G05B >1@570=85. 71 =;L30<5H, 8>=8A, 5@0:;, %@8AB>A, 8B@0 8 B. 4. 72 KH5, :0A0OAL 2845=8O >A8<K, O C:070;, GB> 0;B0@L >1>7=0G05B <0B:C, A>>B25BAB25==> :C?5;8. V. !8<2>;K <0B5@8 8 2>7@>645=8O 845=85, A;54CNI55 70 A>B2>@5=85< 35@>O, 8;;5@ >?8AK205B :0: ":8H5=85 B>;?K ;N459". -B>B >1@07 =0< C65 7=0:><: 2 A=>B>;:>20=88 >= ?>O2;O5BAO ?@5645 2A53> :0: A8<2>; B09=K 1. 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Zinzendorf.-  ?5@A84A:>< <8D5 15;K9 30><0 - =515A=>5 45@52>, @0ABCI55 2 >75@5 C@C:0H0; @K10 0@-<038 ?;0205B 2>:@C3 =53> 8 70I8I05B 53> >B 601K @8<0=0. => 40@C5B 25G=CN 667=L, 65=I8=0< 45B59, 452CH:0< <C659, 0 <C6G8=0< :>=59.  8=>:;@545 45@52> =07K205BAO "?@83>B>2;ONI8< <5@B25F>2". ((?835;L: Eran. Altertumsknnde II, AB@ 115). 78 !>;=5G=K9 :>@01;L, ?5@5?@02;ONI89 A>;=F5 8 4CH8 ?> <>@N <5@B2KE 2 AB@0=C 2>AE>40. 79 @C3H: 1. A. AB@. 177. 80 >4>1=> B><C, :0: C A088 51, 1: "73;O=8B5 =0 A:0;C, 87 :>B>@>9 2K 8AA5G5=K, 6 2 3;C18=C @20, 87 :>B>@>3> 2K 872;5G5=K." !:070=85 > !?D5 =0E>48BAO 2 :=835 Jubinal: Mysteres inedits do XV siecle, B. II, AB@. 16 8 4. &8B8@>20=> &Q:;5@>< 1. A. AB@. 241. 82  B0:8E <8D0E 28=C 2A5340, 5A;8 B>;L:> 2>7<>6=>, A20;820NB =0 <0BL. 0 35@<0=A:85 A2OI5==K5 45@52LO 1K;> B>65 =0;>65=> 01A>;NB=>5 tabu: A =8E =5 A<5;8 A@K20BL =8 ;8AB>G:0, 0 2>:@C3 =8E, =0 75<;5, :C40 4>AB830;0 8E B5=L, =5;L7O 1K;> ?@8:0A0BLAO =8 : >4=><C @0AB5=8N. 83 5@<0=A:0O A030 3;0A8B (@8<<: B. II, AB@. 809), GB> A?0A8B5;L, 35@>9 @>48BAO B>340, :>340 A;01K9 ?>153, ?>:0702H89AO 87 :0<5==>9 A:0;K, @07@0AB5BAO 2 1>;LH>5 45@52> 8 :>340 87 4>A>: MB>3> 45@520 A45;0NB :>;K15;L:C, 2 :>B>@>9 1C4CB :0G0BL 35@>O. "5:AB MB>9 A038 B0:>2: "C45B ?>A065=0 ;8?0; =0 <0:CH:5 55 2K@0ABCB 420 ACG:0; 87 4>A>: 8E A:>;>BOB ;N;L:C; ?5@2>3> <;045=F0, GB> 1C4CB :0G0BL d MB>9 ;N;L:5, ?@>=7OB <5G>< 8 ?@5404CB A<5@B8. ">340 =0ABC?8B A?0A5=85." =0<5=0B5;L=> B>, GB> 2 2 35@<0=A:8E A030E ?@8H5AB285 3@O4CI53> A>1KB8O A2O70=> A 45@52><, ?CA:0NI8< ?>1538. !@. A MB8< =08<5=>20=85 %@8AB0 "?>153><" 8;8 ";>7>N". 84  MB>< <K C7=05< <>B82 "?B8GL59 ?><>I8". =35;K 2 ACI=>AB8 B>65 ?B8FK. !@. A MB8< ?B8GL5 >?5@5=85 4CH 2 ?>475<=>< <8@5, "4CH0 ?B8F0"; 2 Sacrificimn mithriacum 25AB=8:>< 1>3>2 ("0=35;><") O2;O5BAO B> 2>@>=, B> :@K;0BK9 5@<5A 8 B. 4. '8A;> B@8 8<55B 7=0G5=85 2 D0;;8G5A:>< A<KA;5. 85 !;54C5B >B<5B8BL 1;87:>5 >B=>H5=85 <564C 45;LD8=>< 8 uterus.  5;LD0E =0E>48BAO ?@>?0ABL 8 B@5=>6=8: (45;LD89A:89 AB>; > B@5E =>6:0E 2 2845 45;LD8=>2.) !@. 2 ?>A;54=59 3;025 > 5;8:5@B5 =0 45;LD8=5 8 > 65@B25==>< A>665=88 5;L:0@B0. 86 !@. ?@>AB@0==>5 A>?>AB02;5=85 C Jones: On the nightmare. 87 8:;8=: Wunscherfullung und Symbolik 8 B. 4. 88 Laistner: Das Ratsel der Sphinx. 89 $@594: Jahrbuch, B. I.- .=3:  :>=D;8:B0E 45BA:>9 4CH8. 90 "Epistola de ara ad Noviomagum reperta", B> 5ABL "8AL<0 >1 0;B0@5, =0945==>< 2 >28><03C<5"; AB@. 25. &8B. @8<<: Myth. B. II, AB@. 1041. 91 "= ?>4=O; 4065 @C:C =0 A2>N <0BL, A>@20; :>@>=C A 55 3>;>2K". ;CB0@E: De fsid. et Osir. 19. 6. 92 !@. M:7>B8G5A:85 <8DK, ?@82545==K5 C $@>15=8CA0 (Dag Zeitalter des Sonnengottes), 345 G@52> :8B0 =5 GB> 8=>5, :0: AB@0=0 <5@B2KE. 93 4=0 87 ?>AB>O==KE >A>15==>AB59 <0@0 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> >= <>65B 2K;57B8 B>;L:> 87 B>3> 65 >B25@AB8O, 2 :>B>@>5 2;57. -B>B <>B82, 2 :0G5AB25 ?@>MF8@>20==>3> <>B820 65;0=8O, ?@8=04;568B : :0B53>@88 <8D>2 2>7@>645=8O. 94 Gressmaan: AItorient. Text. u. Bild. B. I, AB@. 4 8 4. 95 574=0 <C4@>AB8, :;NG <C4@>AB8, @>4=8: D0=B0788. !@. =865. 96 0AA5G5=85 <0B5@8, A@. M=59, @02=> :0: 8 @0AI5;8=0, @0725@70=85 75<;8 8 B. 4. 97 !>B2>@5=85 8 %0>A. 5BB8=35O 1895, AB@. 30 8 4. 98 $@>15=8CA 1. A. 99 ". 5. A>;=F5-1>3. 100 >O <0;5=L:0O 4>GL, ?>;CG82H0O =0 >645AB2> 2 ?>40@>: F25B=>9 ?;0AB8;8=, BCB ;55 A?>=B0==> A;5?8;0 3=574> A O9F><, 0 @O4>< ;CG8AB>5 A>;=F5, >A25I0NI55 8 A>3@520NI55 O9F> 4;O 2K2>40 ?B5=F>2. A8E>0=0;8B8G5A:8 ?@>A25I5==K5 ?>9<CB, GB> MB> 4>;6=> >7=0G0BL. 101 @C??: Religion und Mythus, AB@. 161 8 4. 102 48= 87 B5:AB>2 ?8@0<84, >?8AK20NI89 1>@L1C C<5@H53> D0-@0>20 70 ?5@25=AB2CNICN 2;0ABL =0 O515, 3;0AOB: "51> ?;0G5B, 72574K B@5?5ICB, AB@068 1>3>2 4@>60B O A;C38 8E C1530NB >B AB@0E0 ?@8 2845 F0@O, 2>AAB0NI53> ?5@54 =8<8 :0: 2845=85, :0: 4CE, :0: 1>3, 682CI89 A2>8<8 >BF0<8 8 >2;04520NI89 A2>59 <0B5@LN." (&8B. C 8B5-@8E: Mithrasliturgie, AB@. 100). 103 =830 II, 60 8 4. 104 >4 @55< 25@>OB=> @07C<55BAO 538?5BA:89 "8D>=. 105  ?>;8=5789A:>< <8D5 > 0C8 45O=85 A>;=F5-35@>O B>65 25AL<0 OA=>: >= ?>E8I05B C <0B5@8 ?>OA. >E8I5=85 D0BK 2 <8D5 > 4525-;51545 8<55B B> 65 A0<>5 7=0G5=85; 2 >4=>< 87 0D@8:0=A:8E <8D>2 A>;=F5-35@>9 ?@>AB>-=0?@>AB> ?@>872>48B =04 A2>59 <0B5@LN =0A8;85. ($@>15=8CA I. A.) 106 KH5C?><O=CBK9 <8D > 0;;8@>B88, :>B>@K9 A0< A51O C18205B, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: A>18@05BAO A@C18BL >@8N, A2OI5==>5 45@52> D8=K, A>45@68B 2 A515 BC 65 ?A8E>;>38N; B>G=> B0: 65 8 :0AB@0F8O E@5=>2 (:0AB@0F8O BB8A0) 2> 8<O A;C65=8O 25;8:>9 <0B5@O. A:5B8G5A:>5 A0<>8ABO70=85 2 E@8AB80=AB25 :>=5G=> 8<55B B5 65 8AB>G=8:8, 81> D>@<0 E@8AB80=A:>3> A8<2>;0 C:07K205B =0 25AL<0 8=B5=A82=CN @53@5AA8N. 107 !@K20=85 A 45@520 687=8 8<5==> O 5ABL MB>B 3@5E. 108 !@. C=: Herabkunft des Feuers. 109 1. A. II, AB@. 1041. 110 5@>OB=> ?> MB>9 ?@8G8=5 2 =3;88 =0 >645AB2> 25H0NB 25B:8 ><5;K; ><5;0 :0: ;>70 687=8. !@. Aigremonc Volkserotik und Pflanzenwelt. 111 5@52> 8<55B 7=0G5=85 :0: <0B5@8, B0: 8 D0;;>A0; B>G=> B0: 65 45<>=8G5A:0O AB0@CE0 2 <8D0E (1;03>A:;>==0O 8;8 7;>25I0O) G0AB> >1;0405B D0;;8G5A:8<8 0B@81CB0<8, =0?@8<5@ 4;8==K< ?0;LF5< =0 =>35 8;8 =0 @C:5, 4;8==K< 7C1><, >B28A;>9 3C1>N, 28AOI8<8 3@C4O<8, 1>;LH8<8 @C:0<8, 1>;LH>9 =>3>9 8 B. 4. "0:>5 A<5H5=85 <C6A:8E 8 65=A:8E <>B82>2 C:07K205B =0 B>, GB> "AB0@CE0" B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 45@52>, 5ABL A8<2>; libido, E>BO, ?@0240, ?@58<CI5AB25==> A <0B5@8=A:>9 >:@0A:>9. /A=55 2A53> 2K@065=0 42C?>;>ABL libido 2 >1@075 B@5E @59, 8<5NI8E 2B@>5< B>;L:> >48= 3;07 8 >48= 7C1. -B>B >1@07 ?@O<0O ?0@0;;5;L : A=>2845=8N >4=>9 ?0F85=B:8, libido :>B>@>9 ?@>O2;O;0AL 2> A=5 2 >1@075 1;87=5F>2: >48= 87 =8E 1K; OI8G:><, 0 4@C3>9 ?@54<5B><, 8<52H8< D>@<C 1CBK;:8; 3;07 8 7C1, :0: 8725AB=>, 65=A:89 8 <C6A:>9 ?>;>2>9 >@30=. ;07 2 B0:>< 7=0G5=88 >A>15==> G0AB> <>6=> 2AB@5B8BL 2 538?5BA:>< <8D5; : 7C1C >B=>A8BAO <8D >1 4>=8A5, >;8F5B2>@O2H5< ?;>4>@>485 8 C<5@I2;5==>< :;K:>< 25?@O, B>G=> B0: 65 <8D > 83D@845, ?@>=75==>< :>?L5< 035=0; A@. =865?@82545==>3> 25@>=57A:>3> @80?0, D0;;>A :>B>@>3> >B:CAK205B 7<5O. C1 2 B0:>< A<KA;5, B>G=> B0: 65 :0: 2 7<5O, O2;O5BAO =530B82=K< D0;;>A><.) 112 !@. @8<<: II, IV, AB@. 802. >4>1=K9 65 <>B82, E>BO 2 8=>< ?@8<5=5=88, <K =0E>48< 2 ==6=5A0:A>OA:>< A:070=88: @845B 2@5<O 8 2K@0AB5B OA5=L, >B :>B>@>3> 5I5 =8G53> =5 284=>, B>;L:> :@>H5G=K9 ?>153 53> 5;5 70<5B=> 2K3;O4K205B 87-?>4 75<;O.  :064CN =>2>3>4=NN =>GL : =5<C ?>4J57605B 15;K9 2A04=8: =0 15;>< :>=5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K >B@C18BL <>;>4>9 ?>153. > >4=>2@5<5==> ?>O2;O5BAO G5@=K9 2A04=8: 8 >B18205B 53>. >A;5 4>;3>9 1>@L1K 15;><C C405BAO ?@>3=0BL G5@=>3> 8 >B@C18BL ?>153 > ?@O45B 2@5<O 8 15;><C 2A04=8:C =5 C40ABAO 1>;LH5 ?>1548BL G5@=>3> 2A04=8:0; B>340 OA5=L =0G=5B @0ABO, 8 :>340 >= 2K@0AB5B B0:, GB> ?>4 =8< <>6=> 1C45B ?@82O70BL :>=O, B> ?@845B <>3CI5AB25==K9 F0@L 8 =0G=5BAO 25;8:0O 18B20. (>=5F A25B0). 113 0;L=59H85 ?@8<5@K C $@>15=8CA0 1. A. passim. 114 !@. Jensen: Gilgameschepos. 115 "0: 25H0;8AL, =0?@8<5@, =0 65@B25==K5 45@52LO 725@8=K5 H:C@K, 2 :>B>@K5 1@>A0;8 :>?LO<8. 116 &Q:;5@: 1 A. AB@. 7 8 4.  C:A>@5 =0E>4OBAO A;54CNI85 87>1@065=8O F0@A:>3> @>645=8O: >3>A O 25AB=8: 1>3>2. ">B, A ?B8GL59 3>;>2>9, 2>725I0NB 452AB25==>9 F0@8F5 0CB<5A, GB> >=0 @>48B AK=0. !;54CNI0O AF5=0 87>1@0605B =5D2 8 D>@0, ?>4=>AOI8E Crux ansata : 55 @BC, B0:8< >1@07>< >?;>4>B2>@OO 55 4CE>2=K< (A8<2>;8G5A:8<) ?CB5<. Sharp: Egyptian mythology, AB@. 18 84. (&8B. >15@BA>: Evangelienniythen, AB@. 43) 117 $0;;8G5A:85 ?>3@0=8G=K5 35@<K G0AB> 8<5NB D>@<C :@5AB0 A 3>;>2>9 2<5AB> 25@ECH:8. 0 4@5285-0=3;. O7K:5 :@5AB =07K20;AO rod == ;>70. 118 >15@BA>=: 1. A. AB@. 140, ?@82>48B B0:>9 D0:B: <5:A8:0=A:89 6@5F >1;5:05BAO 2 :>6C B>;L:> GB> C18B>9 65=I8=K 8 AB0=>28BAO ?5@54 1>3>< 2>9=K A :@5AB>>1@07=> @0A?@>AB5@BK<8 @C:0<8. 119 Maurice: Indian Antiquities, IV, AB@. 49. 120 07C<55BAO ?@8<8B82=0O 538?5BA:0O D>@<0 :@5AB0: ". 121 &Q:;5@: 1. A. AB@. 19. &25B>G=0O ?>G:0 8<55B B0:65 D0;;8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85. !@. 2KH5?@82545==K9 A>= <>;>4>9 65=I8=K. 122 >15@BA>=: Bvang. Myth. 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A?0=A:89 <0B04>@ 5I5 8 ?>=K=5 ?>;L7C5BAO A;02>9 35@>O. "=8 3>=ONB 1C9=KE 1K:>2 ?> 0@5=5 F8@:0, 2A:0:820O =0 8E A?8=K, :>340 >=8 CB><;5=K, 8 ?@83810NB 8E @>30<8 : 75<;5." 5 0;L=59H85 ?@8<5@K A<. C Aigremont: Fuss-und Schuhsymbolik. 6 Jahns:I. A. AB@. 27. 7 Aigremont: I. A. AB@. 17. 8 Negelein: I. A. AB@. 386 8 4. 9 Hingst = Hengst == 65@515F, barge = berge = 3>@K. (@8<. ?5@52>4.) 10 Schimmel == 15;0O ;>H04L, berge = 3>@K. (@8<. ?5@52>4.) 11 >4>1=K5 C:070=8O =0 :5=B02@>2 2 :0G5AB25 25B@>-1>3>2 <K =0E>48< C . . Meyer: Indogermanische Mythen, AB@. 477 8 4. 12 Or. XXXVI, 39 8 4. (&8B8@. Cumont: Myst. d. Mithra, AB@. 87. 1-5 874.) 13 -B> >A>15==K9 <>B82, >B;8G0NI89AO 25@>OB=> B8?8G5A:8<8 G5@B0<8. >O ?0F85=B:0 (A8E>;>38O dementia praecox, AB@. 240) 3>2>@8;0 B>65, GB> C 55 ;>H0459 ?>;C<5AOFK ?>4 :>659, "A;>2=> ;>:>=K".  ?5A=OE > C4@5 2 832545 3>2>@8BAO > 25?@5- C4@5, GB> 53> 2>;>AK "7028BK, :0: @0:>28=K". "5;> =4@K ?>:@KB> 3;070<8. 14 Cumont: Text. et mon. I, AB@. 76. 15 >MB><C !0<A>= 8 C18205B ;L20, ?>A;5 G53> 4>1K205B 87 B@C?0 <54L. >340 ;5B> :>=G05B5", B> =0G8=05BAO >A5==55 ?;>4>@>485. 16 "Duree creatrice" 5@3A>=0. 17 0F85=B:0 3>A?>68 (?8;L@59= 3>2>@8B > ;>H04OE, ?>68@0NI8E ;N459 8 4065 2K@KBK5 87 75<;8 B@C?K. 18 Negelein: . A. AB@. 41&. 19 59AB285 IV, AF5=0 II. CAA:89 ?5@52>4 . . !>:>;>2A:>3>. 20 !@. G0ABL I. 21 0< ?@8H;>AL 8A?@028BL O2=CN >H81:C @CAA:>3> ?5@52>4G8:0 (5:A?8@0, :>B>@K9, ?>=O2 AB8E:  Cassius! you are yoked with a lamb (1C:20;L=>:  0AA89! BK AJO@<;5= A O3=5=:>< 8 B. 4.) :0: C:070=85 @CB>< =0 A51O A0<>3>, ?5@525; 53> 2 ?5@2>< ;8F5: E 0AA89, 254L O3=5=:>< O @>48;AO 2 A25B, <>9 3=52 8 B. 4. - <564C B5< :0: BCB 45;>" >G5284=>, 845B > 0AA85 8 53> 2=CB@5==5< AE>4AB25 A O3=5=:>< (GB> 8 @07>1@0=> .=3><); ?>MB><C C =0A 2<5AB> O AB>8B BK 8 2<5AB> <>9 - G59. (@8<. @54.) 22 !@. 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II, 31) ?>;L7C5BAO A8<2>;8:>9 AB@5; 8 ;C:0 2 >G5=L 15770AB5=G82>-2K@078B5;L=>9 D>@<5: ">340 ?5@20O AB@5;0 48:>3> C?84>=0 ?@>=8:;0 23;C1L <>8E 2=CB@5==>AB59, B> A8;0 =0?@O3;0 <>9 ;C: 8 O AB@0H=> 8A?C30;AO, :0: 1K =5 @07>@20;AO :0:>9-=81C4L =5@2 2A;54AB285 G@57<5@=>3> A>4@>30=8O.". 28 "0:, =0?@8<5@, ?@8=>AOI89 GC<C ?>;;>=. Ahd. AB@5;0 =07K205BAO strata. 29 Herodot: IV, 81. 30 !@. >H5@: s. v. Kaineus, sp. 894 8 4. 31 0F85=B:0 3>A?>68 (?8;L@59= (Jahrbuch (, AB@. 371) @0728205B 845N > @0AA5G5=88 75<;8 2 B0:>< 65 A>G5B0=88: "5;57> C?>B@51;ONB 4;O A25@;5=8O 75<;8 - ?>A@54AB2>< 65;570 <>6=> A>74020BL ;N459. 5<;N @0AA5:0NB, 27@K20NB, G5;>25:0 45;OB. '5;>25:0 @0745;ONB =0 G0AB8 8 2=>2L A>AB02;ONB. 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(@8<. @54.). 24 !>3;0A=> M;;8=A:8< 8 H259F0@A:8< A:070=8O< 4@0:>=K 68;8 8;8 2 8AB>G=8:0E 8;8 C 8AB>G=8:>2 8 4@C38E 2>4, E@0=8B5;O<8 :>B>@KE >=8 1>;LH5N G0ABLN 8 O2;O;8AL. 25 Furt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epp: Das Heidentum und ctessen Bedeutuog fiir das Christentua; F8B8@. Drews: Christusmythe, I, AB@. 78. 29 !@. 2KH5 A8<2>;8:C AB@5;K. 30 Frazer. Golden Bough, part. IV. 31 -B0 <KA;L ?>;CG8;0 2A5>1ICN >@30=870F8N 2 CG5=88 > ?@54ACI5AB2>20=88. "0:8< >1@07>< O2;O5HLAO A2>8< A>1AB25==K< @>48B5;5<, 15AA<5@B=K<, 8 ?@8B>< 35@>5<, GB> >7=0G05B 8A?>;=5=85 2KA>G09H8E 65;0=89. 32 Frozen Golden Bough, IV, 297. 33 !@. 2KH5. 587<5=2>N >A>15==>ABLN <8D>2 > :8B5 8;8 4@0:>=5, ?>3;>B82H8E 35@>O, O2;O5BAO B>, GB> ?>A;54=89, A8;L=> ?@>3>;>402H8AL 2> G@525 GC4>28I0, ?@8=8<05BAO >B@570BL :CA:8 2=CB@5==>AB59, GB>1K ?8B0BLAO 8<8. = >1@5B05BAO, B0:8< >1@07><, 2 :>@<OI59 <0B5@8 8 =0 4>?>;>2>9 ABC?5=8. !;54CNI8< 70B5< 45O=85< @048 A2>53> A?0A5=8O O2;O5BAO 4>1K20=85 >3=O. 34 5A5=85 45@520 B0:65 83@0;> 206=CN @>;L 2 :C;LB5 8>=8A0 8 &5@5@K (5<5B@K), :0: 284=> 87 ?@8<5G0=8O !B@01>=0, X. 35 0945==0O 2 ?8@0<840E =04?8AL, >?8AK20NI0O ?@8E>4 C<5@H53> D0@0>80 =0 =51>, 3>2>@8B > B><, :0: >= >2;045; 1>30<8, GB>1K A0<><C ?>;CG8BL 1>65AB25==CN ?@8@>4C 8 AB0BL 2;04K:>9 1>3>2: "!;C68B5;8 0@:0=>< ?>9<0;8 1>3>2, =0H;8 8E 4>1@>:0G5AB25==K<8 8 ?@8B0I8;8 8E, A2O70;8 8E, ?5@5@570;8 8< 3>@;> 8 2K=C;8 8E 2=CB@5==>AB8, @0745;8;8 8E 8 A20@8;8 2 ?K;0NI8E :>B;0E.  F0@L ?>B@51;O5B A8;C 8E 8 AJ5405B 4CH8 8E. 5;8:85 1>38 - 702B@0: 53>, A@54=85 1>38 - >154 53>, <0;5=L:85 1>38 - C68= 53>. = 604=> ?@>3;0BK205B 2A5 8 2>;H51=0O 53> A8;0 ?@52>AE>48B 2AO:CN 8=CN 2>;H51=CN A8;C. = AB0=>28BAO =0A;54=8:>< 2;0AB59, 1>;55 25;8:8< =565;8 2A5 4@C385 =0A;54=8:8, >= AB0=>28BAO 3>A?>48=>< =510; >= AJ5; 2A5 25=FK 8 2A5 1@0A;5BK, >= AJ5; ?@5<C4@>ABL 2AO:>3> 1>30" 8 B- 4. -B> =525@>OB=>5 ?>68@0=85, MB0 1C;8<8O ?@5:@0A=> 87>1@0605B A>AB>O=85 ?>;>2>9 libido, CAB@5<82H59AO >1@0B=> =0 4>?>;>2CN ABC?5=L, 345 <0BL O2;O5BAO =5 ?>;>2K< >1J5:B><, 0 >1J5:B>< 3>;>40. 36 !2OI5==0O 65@B20 8>=8A0-03@5O 8 AJ545=85 65@B25==>3> <OA0 2K720;8 2>A:@5A5=85 1>30. 0: 284=> 87 F8B8@>20==>3> 8B5@8E>< >B@K2:0 87 M2@8?84>2A:>3> @5B5@0: "87=L <>O >A2OI5=0 A B5E ?>@, :0: O AB0; <8AB>< 459A:>3> 52A0 8, :0: ?0ABCE =>G=>3> AB@0==8:0 (8>=8A0) 03@5O, CG0AB2CN 2 ?8@H5AB20E AK@>3> <OA0. !>3;0A=> ;535=45 :C;LB0 <8ABK, AJ540O AK@>5 <OA> 65@B25==>3> 682>B=>3>, ?@8=8<0;8 1>30 2 A51O. 37 8EB5@ 14, 14- 38 Plato: De leges 6, 776. 39 Orph. Hymn. 46. !@. >H5@: Lex. S. lakchos. 40 ">G=>N ?0@0;;5;LN MB>3> O2;O5BAO O?>=A:89 <8D 708038, :>B>@K9, ?>A;54>202 2 ?>475<=K9 <8@ 70 C<5@H5N A2>5N AC?@C3>N, C<>;O5B 55 25@=CBLAO. =0 A>3;0A=0 =0 MB>, => ?@>A8B 53>: ", 5A;8 1K BK <>3 =5 A<>B@5BL =0 <5=O! 70=038 65 7068305B A25B 3@51=5< A2>8<, B> 5ABL <C65AB25==>N G0ABLN ?>A;54=53> (?@>A25@;820NI89 >3=5< D0;;>A), 8 1;03>40@O MB><C B5@O5B A2>N AC?@C3C. ($@>15=8CA 1 A. AB@. 343) !C?@C3C =C6=> 70<5=8BL <0B5@LN. <5AB> <0B5@8 35@>9 4>1K205B >3>=L, 09020B0 - <08A, 48= - @C=K, <CG8B5;L=> 28AO =0 45@525. 41 !<. Cumonf. Text. et mon. I, AB@. 56. 42 Mitnrasliturgie, AB@. 123 8 5;. 43 0?@. =0 0<?0=A:>< @5;L5D5 C >28B5;;8 (IV, D83. 5). >4>1=> MB><C, C 5@>=5M0 @80? 45@68B =0?>;=5==CN D0;;>A0<8 :>@78=C. 44 !@. @8<<: II, IV, AB@. 399. 0A:0O 8 F5;CO 4@0:>=0 8;8 7<5N, MB> 2=CH0NI55 C60A 682>B=>5 ?@52@0I0NB 2 ?@5:@0A=CN 65=I8=C, :>B>@CN 35@>9 B0:8< >1@07>< 4>1K205B. 45 De Jong: I e. AB@. 21. 46 Rohde: Hermes XXI, 124. 47 0BL, 75<;O, O2;O5BAO B>N, :>B>@0O 40@C5B ?8B0=85. 0BL 2 MB>< A;CG05 AB>8B =0 4>?>;>2>9 ABC?5=8. >MB><C 8 52. ><8=8: CA;06405BAO ?8B0=85< >B 3@C48 0B5@8 >6859. > <=5=8N ?;5<5=8 0<0:20 A>;=5G=0O 65=I8=0 A>AB>8B 87 A0;0. !@. ?> MB><C 4>2>4C <0=80:0;L=K5 8458 25;8G8O <>59 ?0F85=B:8, CB25@6402H59: "/ - 5@<0=8O 8 5;L25F8O 87 8A:;NG8B5;L=0 A;04:>3> <0A;0". 48 !@. :0@B8=K, 40==K5 8FH5: "2>=782H8AL 2 A>1AB25==CN H0EBC" 8 B. 4.  >4=>9 <>;8B25 5@<5AC, =0 ;>=4>=A:>< ?0?8@CA5, 3>2>@8BAO: "@848 :> <=5, 2;04K:0 5@<5A, :0: ?;>4 2 G@52> 65=I8=K". 0?8@CA CXXII, AB@. 2 8 5;. &8B. 8B5@8E: 1. A. AB@. 97. 49 !@. de Jong: 1. A. AB@. 22. 50 "8?8G=K< 1>3>< M5@8>2>3> E;510 2 4@52=>AB8 1K; 4>=8A, A<5@BL 8 2>AAB0=85 :>B>@>3> ?@074=>20;8AL 5653>4=>. = 1K; AK=><-2>7;N1;5==K< <0B5@8, 81> 75@=>2>9 E;51 O2;O5BAO 8 AK=>< 8 >?;>4>B2>@ONI8< ;>=> <0B5@8-75<;8, :0: A>25@H5==> A?@0254;82> 70<5G05B >15@BA>= 2 Evang. Myth., AB@. 36. 51 >15@BA>=: Eyang. Myth., AB@. 46. 52 De Jong: 1. A. AB@. 14. 53 !@. 8B5@8E: 1. A. AB@. 167. 54 $0CAB, G.II, 0:B I. 55 @8254C ?>;8=5789A:89 <8D 0B0, :0: >48= 87 <=>65AB20 ACI5AB2CNI8E ?@8<5@>2: "54:0 A?>:>9=> ?;K;0 ?>4 ?0@CA0<8 ?> >:50=C, ?@8 ?>?CB=>< 25B@5; => >4=064K 30=0>0 2>A:;8:=C;: ", 0B0, AB@0H=K9 2@03 ?>4K<05BAO 87 >:50=0!" - -B> 1K;0 >B:@KB0O @0:>28=0 8A?>;8=A:8E @07<5@>2. 4=0 87 G0H 55 =0E>48;0AL ?5@54 ;>4:>9, 4@C30O ?>7048; :>@01;8: 65 1K; :0: @07 ?>A5@548=5 <564C >158<8. 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CB5H5AB285 4>AB83;> =0<5G5==>9 F5;8. 5;8:0 1K;0 @04>ABL @>48B5;59 30=0>0 C2840BL AK=0 A2>53>. 1> B5?5@L >=8 1K;8 C15645=K, GB> ?@54AB>O;> 8E >A2>1>645=85. > 30=0>0 @5H8;AO 8 =0 <5ABL. = 2K=C; >4=C 87 ?0;>: 87 ?0AB8 682>B=>3> (81> 8 >4=>9 1K;> 4>AB0B>G=>, GB>1K ?><5H0BL :8BC 70:@KBL 55 8, AB0;> 1KBL, 45@60BL ?CBL A2>1>4=K< 4;O 30=0>0 8 53> @>48B5;59). B0:, >= ?5@5;><8; =042>5 8 MBC G0ABL :>?LO, A F5;LN C?>B@518BL >1;><:8 4;O 872;5G5=8O 87 =8E >3=O B@5=85<. = ?>?@>A8; >BF0 45@60BL >48= 8 =8E, 0 A0< AB0; @01>B0BL 4@C38< >1;><:><, ?>:C40 =5 70B;5;AO >3>=L (706830=85 >3=O). = AB0; @074C20BL 53> 4> O@:>3> ?;0<5=8, B>@>?OAL @07>3@5BL MB8< >3=5< 68@>2K5 G0AB8 682>B0 (A5@4F5). 'C4>28I5, 872820OAL >B 1>;8, AB0;> 8A:0BL ?><>I8 8 ?>?;K;> : 1;87:><C 15@53C. (CB5H5AB285 ?> <>@N.) 8HL B>;L:> >=> 4>AB83;> ?5AG0=>9 >B<5;8 (?@8G0;820=85 : 75<;5) :0: >B5F 8 <0BL A AK=>< 2KH;8 =0 15@53 G5@57 >B:@KBCN ?0ABL C<8@0NI53> :8B0 (35@>9 2KA:>;L7=C; =0 A2>1>4C). 56  =>2>75;0=4A:>< <8D5 0C8 (F8B. $@>15=8CA, 1. A. 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Picus, Sp. 2496, 30. 62 B5F 8:CA0 =07K20;AO !B5@:C;CA 8;8 !B5@F8;8CA; 8<O MB>, >G5284=>, ?@>8AE>48B >B stercus: 8A?@06=5=85, excrementum. = 65 87>1@5; C=0206820=85 ?>;59. 5@2>=0G0;L=K9 B2>@5F, A>B2>@82H89 8 <0BL, B2>@8B C65 8725AB=K< =0< 8=D0=B8;L=K< ?CB5<. 5@E>2=K9 1>3 A=>A8B O9F> A2>5, A2>N <0BL, 87 :>B>@>9 >= A0< 65 2=>2L A51O @>6405B - MB> E>4 <KA;8, B0:65 @>4AB25==K9 ?@54H5AB2CNI5<C. 63 =B@>25@A8O - 2E>645=85 2 <0BL; >?CAB8BLAO 2 A>1AB25==K9 2=CB@5==89 <8@ 8;8 8AB>G=8: libido; MB> A8<2>;878@C5BAO 2?>;70=85<, ?@>45@3820=85<, A25@;5=85< (G5A0BL 70 CH0<8 - 872;5:0BL >3>=L) @>A25@;820=85 CH59, 21820=85 32>7459, 3;>B0=85 7<59. "0:8< >1@07>< 45;05BAO ?>=OB=>9 8 1C448ABA:0O ;535=40: ?@>254O 4>;389 45=L 2 3;C1>:8E @07<KH;5=8OE, A84O ?>4 A2OI5==K< 45@52><, 0CB0<0 : 25G5@C ?@52@0B8;AO 2 C44C, ?@>A25I5==>3>. 64 >;L=0O 3>A?>68 (?8;L@59= B@864K 1K;0 ?@>AB@5;5=0 1>3>< "2 3>;>2C, 2 3@C4L 8 2 3;07; ?>A;5 MB>3> =0ABC?8;> 2>7@>645=85 4CE0". (Jahrbuch III, AB@. 376).  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(Jensen: Epos des Gilgamesch, AB@. 18.) "0:65 0B@81CB 5;8>A0. 81 D0;;8G5A:89 A8<2>; AB@0E0. 82 !<5@B>=>A=>5 >@C685, A8<2>;878@CNI55 >?;>4>B2>@ONI89 D0;;>A. 83 ;0B>= C65 C:07K205B =0 =53>, :0: =0 D0;;8G5A:89 A8<2>;, GB> C?><O=CB> 2KH5. 84 Arch. Zeit. 1857, Taf. 99. &8B. >H5@, 1, 2, Sp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